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ITS PRODUCTION
From Chlorella and Spirulina
A Powerpoint presentation
By: Mariadoss
SINGLE CELL PROTEIN
• The dried cells of microorganisms(algae,bacteria,fungi)used as food or
feed are collectively known as “microbial protein”.
• The term ‘microbial protein’ was replaced by a new term ‘single cell
protein’ during the first international conference on microbial protein
held in 1967 at the Massachusetts Institute of
Technology(MIT),Cambridge.
• The term single cell protein (scp)refers to mixed protein extracted from
pure or mixed culture of algae, yeasts, fungi, or bacteria used as a
substitute for protein rich food in humans and animal feeds.
Texcoco lake
Texcoco lake
2. Closed System
Photobioreactor
• A photobioreactor is a bioreactor which incorporates
some type of light source. Virtually any translucent
container could be called a photobioreactor, however the
term is more commonly used to define a closed system, as
opposed to an open tank or pond.
• A pond covered with a greenhouse could be considered a
photobioreactor.
• A photobioreactor can be operated in "batch mode" but it
is also possible to introduce a continuous stream of
sterilized water containing nutrients, air, and carbon
dioxide.
Various models of
Photobioreactor
Green-house
Indoor Culture
Requirements for Growth of Spirulina
• (i) Illumination time;
• (ii) Light intensity;
• (iii) Supply of CO2. Concentrations of CO2 differ in different
conditions, for example, an alkaline lake. Lake Texcoco in Mexico,
has high concentration of sodium carbonate. On the other hand,
algal growth is limited as a result of liberation of CO2 and ammonia
by bacterial activity;
• (iv) Nitrogen sources (ammonium salts or nitrates are the suitable
nitrogen sources which increase biomass yield);
• (v) Agitation of growing cells to maintain cells in suspension.
Harvest of Spirulina Biomass
• Spirulina filaments develops gas vacuoles in the
cells and hence they float on the surface of
culture medium,
• As the density increases, a dense bluish green
mat develops on the surface of the culture,
• The biomass is harvested by filteration using a
fine mesh or cloth.
• In this way 12-20gm of spirulina/m2/day can be
harvested from a pond.
DRYING AND PACKING
• The harvested biomass is washed with an acid water(ph4) to
remove toxic pollutants.
• Then, it is washed with tap water to remove the acidity of the acid
water.
• The washed biomass is spread on a polythene sheet in the sunlight.
• On drying thin flakes of biomass develops on the plastic sheet.
• The dried flakes are collected and made into powder.
• The dried biomass is packed in aluminium lined bags or sealed
bottles for marketing.
• Spray drying is followed in the dark, if the biomass has to be used
to make pills along with a vit A and C.
USES OF SPIRULINA SCP
SPIRULINA AS HEALTH FOOD
Rich source of proteins, vitamins, and
minerals.
Its digestibility is a high as 84%.
Eating 20gm of spirulina scp can fulfil the
essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals
• SPIRULINA AS THE THERAPEUTIC
AGENT
• To reduce Body weight,Choloestrol.Blood sugar level in diabetics.
• Promotes wound healing.
• Taking a 3gm of spirulina in the previous night reduces pre-menstrual
stress in women.
• Phycocyanin present stimulates the immune system to provide
resistance to the body against pathogenic diseases.
• Act as a anticancer agent to prevent cancer risks(beta carotene)
• Increases lactation in nourishing mothers
• Increases the eye power via synthesis of vitamin A
• It is a rich source of Gamma-Linolenic Acid
(GLA) a rare essential fatty acid.
• It is world's richest natural source of Vitamin
B-12 and Pro-Vitamin 'A'.
• It is best natural source of anti oxidants, a
natural anti -ageing drug.
• it contains a whole spectrum of natural mixed
carotene and xanthophyll phytopigments.
• Spirulina is 100% natural, nontoxic and
cholesterol-free. There are No known side
effects of spirulina.
• It is consumed in its most natural form as no
artificial flavours or colours are added in
Spirulina products.
• Researchers at NASA found it to be an excellent, compact
space food for astronauts, as it is believed that 1 kg. of
Spirulina is equivalent to 1000 kgs of assorted vegetables.
• International health organizations have also summoned
Spirulina as one of the "Greatest Super foods on Earth".
• Spirulina is being developed as the "food of the future"
because of its amazing ability to synthesize high-quality
concentrated food more efficiently than any other algae.
It repairs body tissues and provides
immunity and thus strengthens body's
defense mechanism.
It enhances the body's ability to generate
new blood cells.
In cosmetics
• Spirulina contains high quality of proteins and
vitamin A and B. These play a key role in
maintaining healthy hair.
• Many herbal cosmeticians are making efforts to
develop a variety of beauty products. Phycocyanin
pigment has helped in formulating biolipstics and
herbal face cream in Japan. These products can
replace the present coaltar-dye based cosmetics
which are known as carcinogenic.
Spirulina capsules
Spirulina flakes
Spirulina tablets
Spirulina powder
spirulina DOSAGE
• Types of culture:
1. Closed Sterile Culture
2. Open semi-sterile cultures
3 .Open phycomycete polyculture
1. Closed Sterile Culture