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Algebra
Multiple-input and
Ref: Mano, Morris M.,cascated NOR
Ciletti, Michael andDigital
D. (2013) NAND Design;gates
9
With an Introduction to the Verilog HDL, 5th Edition, Pearson
Multiple Inputs
• The XOR and XNOR gates are commutative and associative.
• Multiple-input XOR gates are uncommon?
• XOR is an odd function: it is equal to 1 if the inputs variables have an odd
number of 1's.
Signal
Ref: Mano, Morris M., Ciletti, Michael D. (2013) Digital Design;assignment and logic polarity 11
With an Introduction to the Verilog HDL, 5th Edition, Pearson
Positive and Negative Logic
We study Boolean algebra as a foundation for designing and analyzing digital systems.
Distributive Law
• A(B + C) = A●B + A●C (OR Distributive Law)
• A + (B●C) = (A + B) ● (A + C) (AND Distributive Law)
Absorptive Law
• A + (A●B) = A (OR Absorption Law)
• A(A + B) = A (AND Absorption Law)
Ref: Mano, Morris M., Ciletti, Michael D. (2013) Digital Design;
23
With an Introduction to the Verilog HDL, 5th Edition, Pearson
•Associative
Law
• A + (B + C) = (A + B) + C = A + B + C (OR Associate Law)
• A(B●C) = (A●B)C = A ● B ● C (AND Associate Law)
De Morgan´s Theorem
1. Two separate terms NOR´ed together is the same as the two
terms inverted (Complement) and AND´ed for example: = ●
2.Two separate terms NAND´ed together is the same as the two
terms inverted (Complement) and OR´ed for example: = +
Answer: A + B●C
F2 = x + y'z
F4 = x y' + x' z
• Multi-level implementation