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Heat Section 1
Temperature
• Do thermometers change the temperature of the
substance being measured?
– If so, how?
– How can you minimize the problem?
• Temperature must be measured when thermal
equilibrium is reached.
• Always read a thermometer after it has stopped
rising or falling.
– At this point, equilibrium has been reached between
the thermometer and the substance.
Heat Section 1
Thermometers
Thermal Expansion
Thermometers
• Calibration depends on fixed temperatures.
• Three common temperature scales used:
– Fahrenheit for weather and medicine (U.S.)
– Celsius for work in science
– Kelvin or absolute for many scientific laws
Heat Section 1
Temperature Conversions
Heat Section 1