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WEARABLE

RING BIOSENSOR
Presented by :-
MONALISA DEBATA
0701106032, 7th, I&E
CET, BBSR

12/08/21 Wearable Ringbiosensor,Monalisa Debata,7th, I&E 1


CONTENTS :-
Wearable Biosensor
Concept of ring biosensor
Design considerations
Sensor Arrangement
Light modulation
Transmural pressure
Noise reference
Prototyping
Applications
Advantages & Disadvantages
Conclusion
12/08/21 Wearable Ringbiosensor,Monalisa Debata,7th, I&E 2
WEARABLE BIOSENSOR
Wearable biomedical sensors and systems could be
defined as sensors/actuators and sensor-based
communicative systems that can monitor and/or
stimulate, and/or treat, and/or replace biophysical
human functions .
Noninvasive in nature.
They typically rely on wireless miniature sensors
enclosed in patches or bandages or in items that can
be worn, such as ring or shirt.
Evaluation features: wearability, complexity, fault
tolerance, aesthetic issues.
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RING BIOSENSOR
It is a pulse oximetry and photoplethysmographic (PPG)
sensor that allows one to continuously monitor
heart rate and oxygen saturation in a totally
unobtrusive way.

PRINCIPLES :-
Blood pressure pulse causes vessel wall displacement.
Detection pulsatile blood volume changes by photoelectric
method by photo resistor
Connected as a part of voltage divider circuit and produces a
voltage that varies with the amount of blood in the finger.

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Light absorption in various sections of finger
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DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
Secure the LEDs and the photodetector (PD) at a
location along the finger skin such that the dc
component may be influenced less by the finger
motion.
Modulate the LEDs to attenuate the influence of
ambient light as well as to reduce power consumption.
 Measure the finger motion with another sensor or a
second PD and use it as a noise reference for verifying
the signal as well as for canceling the disturbance and
noise.

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SENSOR
ARRANGEMENT
LEDs and PD are placed on the flanks of the finger
rather than the dorsal and palmar sides.

Two possible location for placement of LED


 Transmittal illumination method
 Reflective illumination method

Differ significantly with respect to motion artifact,


signal-to-noise ratio, and power requirements.

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Average photon path for Corruption of PPG signal
different arrangement with applied motion
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LIGHT MODULATION
Despite the superior stability and robustness, transmittal
PPG consumes more power.
Instead of lighting the skin continually, the LED is turned
on only for a short time and the signal is sampled within
this period.
The modulation of LED lighting provides an effective
means for reducing ambient light disturbances. Reading
the PD output while the LED is turned off yields the
baseline PPG level attributed to the ambient light alone.

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Comparison between slow and fast response time of PD

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TRANSMURAL PRESSURE
Objective is to increase the detected amplitude of
arterial pulsations (ac component ) so as to improve
the signal-to-noise ratio of PPG.
Application of an external pressure will increase the
pulsatile amplitude and reduce the transmural
pressure.
Mechanism for holding the LED and PD must be
designed such that it provides a safe level of
continuous pressure, well below the established
clinical threshold.

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TRANSMURAL PRESSURE
contd. PROBLEMS:
Largest PPG amplitude cuff
pressure too high.
Cuff pressure order of
10mmHg.
SOLUTIONS:
By providing a local,
noncircumferential increase
in pressure near the sensor’s
optical components that can
avoid the potentially
dangerous situation of long-
term flow obstruction.
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.

Schematic of locally pressurized sensor band


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NOISE REFERENCE
For reducing motion
artifacts and
cancellation of noise.

PPG optical sensor as


motion sensor
 Reflective PPG
arrangement.
 Very low applied
pressure.
 Placement away from
artery.

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PROTOTYPING
PROTOTYPE-A  Components:
• Optical sensor unit
• PIC microcontroller
• RF transmitter
• Tiny cell battery
• Use of double ring structure.
 Less distance between LED & PD.
 Waveforms sampled at 100 Hz
transmitted to a PDA or a cellular
phone carried by the patient.

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PROTOTYPING contd.
PROTOTYPE-B
High speed optical device
The LED used is 6.7 times
brighter than that of
Prototype A.
Sensor band redesigned
with the use of bio-
compatible elastic
materials for stable PPG.
Transmittal PPG signal
does not collapse even
when the hand is shaken.
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PROTOTYPING contd.
PROTOTYPE-C

Employs Local pressurization and motion detection


methods.

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APPLICATION

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ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Continuous monitoring Initial cost is high
Detection of transient Limited number of
phenomena physiological
Promotes further parameters to be
diagnostic and monitored.
therapeutic measures
Easy to use
Reducing
hospitalization fee

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CONCLUSION
Effective and comfortable
Mobile information infrastructure that can be made
to the individual’s requirements to take advantage of
the advancements in telemedicine and information
processing.
It can play a vital role in realizing the future
healthcare system.
It is anticipated that WBS will be leading to the
realization of “Affordable Healthcare, Any place,
Anytime, Anyone”.

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REFERENCE
 H.Harry Asada, “mobile monitoring with
wearable ppg sensors”,IEEE engineering in
medicine and biology magazine,vol 22, pp-
28-39 may/june 2003
Handbook of biomedical
instrumentation ,Khandpur ,pp-138,233,238
http://www.wearables.gatech.edu
http://www.google.co.in/images
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THANK YOU
ANY QUERIES??

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