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Andrew Robinson
Managing Director
Harkness Screens
• Screens cannot create light; but they can optimise the reflection of
it.
• Reflectivity of a screen is measurable and is usually called “gain”
• Gain is measured by comparing reflectivity of the screen with a
reference standard and is expressed as a factor (e.g. 0.8 or 1.2).
• There is a British Standard for gain measurement (BS 5550),
which uses a reference standard to compare screen materials.
• There are other measurement standards, but the BS is widely
recognised and is used by Harkness to classify screen gain.
• This enables screen materials to be compared in the laboratory.
Measurement of gain
Projector
Light meter
or
1.85
2k digital projectors : film formats
•this maximises the use of available light – 10% light loss from lens
•requires activation of anamorphic lens
•these anamorphic lenses are expensive
•this is the only practical approach on large cinemascope screens
2k digital projectors : film formats
Native ‘flat’ screen
•Changing film formats on
‘constant width’ screens.
•This is easily achieved
electronically.
•With digital projection, light is
reduced changing from 1.85
screen to 2.35 screen, but so
is the screen size. Brightness
levels are maintained. (This is
an advantage over 35mm
when the opposite happens).
Xenon lamp light losses
The above lumens are for incident light on the screen (after losses).
Screen light levels cont’d
Lumens required to achieve 14 ft lamberts
Screen gain Screen width (m) / flat format
12 15 18 22
1.0 11700 18300 26400 39400
1.4
8400 13100 18800 28200
1.8
• Gain = L1 / L2
• Worthwhile also to measure absolute light levels in foot lamberts.
Gain screens and viewing angles
Perlux 140 (1.4 gain)
PERLUX 140
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
Gain
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
View Angle
Gain screens and viewing angles cont’d
Perlux 180 (1.8 gain)
PERLUX 180
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
Gain
1.4
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.0
half-gain angle = 34° (0.9 gain) 0° 5° 10° 20° 30° 40° 50° 60°
View Angle
Viewing Angle
efficiency
Real D 15%
Real D XL 28%
Dolby 12%
Xpand 18%