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Submitted By:
Siddharth
Mechanical system
Actuators
Control system
Differential drive
Car type drive
Skid steer drive
Synchronous drive
Pivot drive
This is the most commonly used form of
locomotion system used in robots as it’s the
simplest and easiest to implement.
Speed Controllable
Power
VCC Transistor
Switches
S1 S2
M
1 2
S3 S4
0 0 0 0 - -
H – Bridge Circuit Diagram
VCC
D C M O TO R
Q1 Q3
2
2
N O T G A TE N O T G A TE
2 1
A
-
+
Q2 Q4
L R
1
1
GND
• Microcontrollers are "special purpose computers“.
• Microcontrollers are "embedded" inside some other device (often
a consumer product) so that they can control the features or
actions of the product. Another name for a microcontroller,
therefore, is "embedded controller."
• Microcontrollers are dedicated to one task and run one specific
program. The program is stored in ROM (read-only memory) and
generally does not change.
• Microcontrollers are often low-power devices.. A battery-
operated microcontroller might consume 50 milliwatts.
• A microcontroller has a dedicated input device and often (but
not always) has a small LED or LCD display for output. A
microcontroller also takes input from the device it is controlling
and controls the device by sending signals to different components
in the device.
• A microcontroller is often small and low cost. The components
are chosen to minimize size and to be as inexpensive as possible.
• A microcontroller is often, but not always, ruggedized in some
way.
In 1981, Intel Corporation introduced an 8-bit
microcontroller called the 8051.
697 Hz 1 2 3 A
Low
770 Hz 4 5 6 B
Group
852 Hz 7 8 9 C
Frequencie
s
941 Hz * 0 # D
+ =