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What is Leadership?
"The task of leadership is not to put greatness into people,
but to elicit it, for the greatness is there already."

4Leadership is a process by which an individual guides others in their

pursuits, often by organizing, directing, coordinating, supporting and
motivating their efforts.

4Leadership is not a static characteristic of an individual or a group,

but a complex of interpersonal processes whereby cooperating
individuals are permitted to influence and motivate others to promote
the attainment of group and individual goals.
4Leadership is a reciprocal process, involving the leader, the followers,
and the group situation. The leader does not just influence the group
members; rather, the leader-follower relationship is mutual.
4Leadership is a transactional process, in which leaders and followers
work together, exchanging their time, energies, and skills to increase
their joint rewards.
4Leadership is a transformational process, for leaders heighten group
members· motivation, confidence, and satisfaction by uniting members
and changing their beliefs, values, and needs.
4Leadership is a cooperative process of legitimate influence rather
than sheer power.
4Leadership is an adaptive, goal-seeking process, for it organises and
motivates group members· attempts to attain personal and group goals.
What do leaders do?
Task Leadership

4 Focus on the group·s work and its goals.

4 Initiates structure, sets standards and objectives.

4 Plans and coordinates activities, proposes solutions, monitors

compliance with procedures, and stresses the need for efficiency
and productivity.

4 Identifies roles and positions members in those roles.

4Develops standard operating procedures, defines tasks.

4 Establishes communication networks.

What do leaders do?..contd
Relationship Leadership

4 Focuses on the interpersonal relations within the group.

4 Aims at socio-emotional satisfaction and teamwork

4 Boosts morale, gives support and encouragement

4 Reduces interpersonal conflict, helps members to release

negative tensions, establishes rapport, and shows concern and
consideration for the group and its members.
§ leader is a dealer in hope - Napolean
he Big Questions!

What makes an effective leader?

Are leaders born with innate qualities or can leadership be learned?

What differentiates a Leader from a Psychopath?

reat Leader heory (raits theory)

homas Carlyle, a 19th

Age century historian, gave this
theory. He asserted that
Intelligence leaders do not achieve their
positions by accident or twist of
ender fate. Rather, these individuals
possess certain characteristics
Personality that mark them for greatness.
his theory says that leaders
Expertise
are different from followers

raits Model

Nobody can dim the light which shines from within ² Maya Angelo
eitgeist heory

Leo 
st  said that the

r p Size d minance  a sing
e
individua
is independent 
C 
ict Leve
his qua
ities.  him,
eaders

ike A
exander the reat and
Nap
e  came t pr miece
r p Matrit because the spirit  the times
was av rab
e  r idivida

ask C mp
exit d miace

Sitati a
M de

ea

eaders are rdiar pe p
e with extra rdiar determiati ² Us rced
What did the reeks sa ab t it ?
Basic raits  a Leader
4 C rage
4 Charisma
4 Visi 
4 Rea
ism
4 Character
4 Va
es

Character
Va
es
he pessimist
CVisi are
isisisthe
Charisma
rage the
ct art
the jst
mp
ais
abi
ity
is thew seei
irst trds,
ab
carry the
a
es
t
traserece
 hma
what are
wid;
tisai isib
e
wethsiasm-
what
qa
ities rthy
thewe
decisi
t ptimist
becase itby.
is ater

i ethers
Ra
phexpects
the item
hey're
the
- J qa
ity
Archb
atha ab
t which
chae;
ti the
t
Swit

d  
cases that
makithe
we rea
ist
champi
that decisi
adjsts
 ad
garatees the
has
thesai
s
 the passed²
pe ²p
e
thers Wi

iam
Hyrm
we iht
- Arist t
eAW Bard
r²
Smith
J h Kerry
Character Maketh Ma ...
It is ared that Character  pers  is e  the m st imp rtat
qa
it that makes a Leader. A ma  character is m re eective
whe i a p siti   p wer becase:

4 Pe p
e trst him m re ad ee
secre with him

4 Pe p
e eed a idea
pers  wh the ca em
ate ad
character is a imp rtat parameter  r idea
ism
4 A pers  with  d character is eera

 adept i
iterpers a
ski

s

C rae is a mea with reard t ear ad c idece ² Arist t
e

Eiht raits  a Sccess
Leader
4Dreamer- wh ca visa
ize a sccess
tre b  csi m re  what
  wat t happe tha  what   ear miht happe.
4Discip
ied- t set  a
s ad pri rities ad devise p
as³ad 
exib
e e h
t chae th se p
as whe a ew pp rtit arises.
4Dedicated- t k w that sccess demads t ta
c mmitmet ad c tai s
ethsiasm that m tivates thers.
4Decisive- t make decisi s qick
.
4Dari- t take risks, we
c me chae, ad view mistakes as a chace t

ear.
4Depedab
e- t a a
t, a
was keepi  r pr mises t  rse
 ad thers.
4Dev ted- t a pr ram 
ie-

eari ad se
-impr vemet that ids
  c stat

eari ew ski

s ad deve
pi m re iterests.
4De
eat r- wh k ws that time is best spet d i what   d best³ t
tri t d everthi  rse
.

S rce: Deaa Ber i J ra
 r Qa
it & Participati , as cited i C mmicati 

Brieis (www.brieis.c m)
ŠBi Fiveµ Pers a
it raits
4 Srec ²Leadership ad extraversi  traits
4 Iterested i etti ahead
4 Leadi thr h i
eci
4 Idivida
s are t i
4 Likes t meet ew pe p
e
4 Wi

i t c r t thers

4 Adjstmet ²raits re
ated t em ti a
stabi
it

4here is a ie
ie betwee stab
e ad stab
e.
4Stab
e is bei ca
m,  d der pressre, re
axed, ad secre
4Ustab
e is erv s, p r der pressre, isecre
ŠBi Fiveµ Pers a
it traits-c td.
4 Opeess t Experiece - rait re
ated t bei wi

i t chae ad
tr ew this.
4Idivida
s tpica

 are wi

i t take ca
c
ated risks.

4 C scieti sess - ic
des traits re
ated t achievemet.

4raits ic
de hih credibi
it, c  rmit, ad raizati .
4Idivida
s tpica

 w rk hard ad pt i extra time ad e rt
t meet  a
s.

4 Areeab
eess ²re
ated t etti a
 with thers

4Characteristics ic
de warm, eas i, c mpassi ate,
ried
, ad s ciab
e.
4Idivida
s tpica

 are s ciab
e ad have
ts  rieds

S rce-Lssier, . N. ad Acha, C. F. (2001)

C sider this ..
Wh d   thi
is this pers ?

4 Spericia
charm
4 radi se
4 Deceit

4 Lac
 rem rse
4 Lac
 empath
4 Fai
re t ta
e resp sibi
it
4 Imp
sivit
4 Lac
  a
s
4 P r behavi ra
c tr
s
4 Atis cia
behavi r
 hese traits which are
c sidered as te

-ta
e
A psch pathsis
???  meta

dis rder were  d i s me  the
m st sccess
CEOs i Britai !
- Babia
(2000)
Strateies  r Impr vi Leadership
Eectiveess I Ieective Leaders
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What d we sa ?

4Y  d ·t have t have a

these traits.

4Y  eed t
 w  r w se
.

4K w  r streths/wea
esses .

4W r
 the wea
p its t et better.
ha
Y