The image formed by a converging

lens can be made using only three

principal rays.
 Ray 1 is the ray which travels parallel to the
axis and after going through the lens it passes
through the focal point.
 Ray 2 passes through the center of the lens.
 Ray 3 goes through the focal point and then
travels parallel to the axis after passing
through the lens.
The image formed by a diverging
lens can be made using only three
principal rays:
 Ray 1 is the ray which travels parallel to the
axis and after going through the lens it passes
through the focal point.
 Ray 2 passes through the center of the lens.
 Ray 3 goes through the focal point and then
travels parallel to the axis after passing
through the lens.
Thin LENS Equation

You can find the distance of the image from the

lens by the following equation:

1/q + 1/p = 1/f,

where q is the distance from the lens to the

image, p is the distance from the object to
the lens, and f is the focal distance of the lens
Thin LENS Equation
Thin LENS Equation

Example:
 A converging lens of focal length 10.0 cm
forms images of objects placed 30.0 cm.
Construct a ray diagram, find the image
distance and describe the image.
Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Construct a ray diagram as shown below.
Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Use the thin lens equation to find the image
distance.
Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Substituting values,
 Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Solving for the magnification

The image is reduced by one half and the negative

sign for M tells us that the image is inverted.
Thin LENS Equation

Example:
 A diverging lens of focal length 10.0 cm forms
images of objects placed 30.0 cm. Construct
a ray diagram, find the image distance and
describe the image.
Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Construct a ray diagram as shown below.
Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Use the thin lens equation to find the image
distance.
Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Substituting values,
 Thin LENS Equation

Solution:
Solving for the magnification

The image is reduced by one fourth and the positive

sign for M tells us that the image is upright.
EXERCISE (1 whole by pair)

1. Find graphically the image location for an object

at each of the following distances from a
converging lens that has a focal length of 20cm.
Check your results by calculating the image
position and the lateral magnification,
respectively.
 A. do = 50 cm
 B. do = 20 cm
 C. do = 15 cm
 D. do = - 40 cm
  
EXERCISE (1 whole by pair)

2.) You are given a thin diverging lens. You find

that a beam of parallel rays spreads out after
passing through the lens, as though all the
rays came from a point 20.0 cm from the
center of the lens. You want to use this lens
to form an erect virtual image that is 1/3 the
height of the object. (a) Where should the
object be placed? (b) Draw the principal ray
diagram.