Presented By

Prakash & Vijay

 CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION TO A.I.

 AI DEVICES.

 APPLICATIONS OF A.I.

 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS A.I.

Artificial Intelligence is the science and

engineering of making intelligent
machines, especially intelligent computer
programs.
INTRODUCTION
DEFINITIONS

* AI is a branch of computer science dealing with symbolic,

nonalgorithmic methods of problem solving

* AI works with pattern matching methods which attempt to

describe objects , events or processes in terms of their
qualitative features and logical and computational
Relationship.
INTRODUCTION
What is Intelligence ?

Intelligence is the computational part of

the ability to achieve goals in the world.
Varying kinds and degrees of intelligence
occur in people, many animals and some
machines.
 HISTORY
 1943 – McCulloh and Pitts, Boolean circuit model of
brain.

 Proposed by Alan Turing(1950), a British Computer

Scientist.

 1950’s – Early AI programs including Samuel’s checker

program, Newell and Simon’s logic theorist, Gelisnters
geometry engine
 TURING TEST

 One person sits at a computer and types the questions.

 The computer is connected to two other hidden

computers

 At one computer, Human reads and responds to

questions.

 At the other end, computer with no Human aid runs the

program to provide responses.
 HISTORY

 1965 – Robinson’s complete algorithm for logical

reasoning.

 1966-74 – AI discovers computational complex.

Neural network research almost disappears.

 1988-93 : Expert system industry busts.

 1985-88 : Neural networks return to popularity.

 Neural network

A neural network is an interconnected

group of nodes, akin to the vast network
of neurons in the human brain.
Modern Times (post-Cartesian)

Robopets
Widespread viruses,
security holes
aplenty
AI-powered CRM
Faster—and many
more—computers
APPLICATIONS

Expert systems.

Games Playing

Natural Language Processing.

Speech recognition.

Computer vision.

Robotics.
Retina Scan
 APPLICATIONS
EXPERT SYSTEMS
An Expert System is a computer program designed to
act as an expert in a particular domain (area of
expertise).
Domain of E.S.
Knowledge base

Facts Heuristics

Phases in Expert System

Expert systems currently are designed to assist
experts, not to replace them, They have been used in
medical diagnosis, chemical analysis, geological
explorations etc.
 APPLICATIONS

GAME PLAYING

You can buy machines that can play master level chess for a
few hundred dollars.

There is some AI in them, but they play well against

people mainly through brute force computation--
looking at hundreds of thousands of positions.
 APPLICATIONS
NATURAL LANGUAGE

The goal of NLP (Natutral Language

Processing) is to enable people and computers to
communicate in a natural (humanly)
language(such as, English) rather than in a
computer language.
 APPLICATIONS
SPEECH RECOGNATION

The goal of speech recognition research is to

allow computers to understand human speech.
So that they can hear our voices and recognize
the words we are speaking.

It simplifies the process of interactive

communication between people and computers,
thus it advances the goal of NLP.
Finger Print
detection
 APPLICATIONS
COMPUTER VISION

The goal of computer vision research is to give

computers this same powerful facility for understanding
their surrounding. Here AI helps computer to understand
what they see through attached cameras.
 APPLICATIONS
ROBOTICS

A Robot is a electro-mechanical
device that can by programmed to perform
manual tasks or a reprogrammable multi
functional manipulator designed to move
materials, parts, tools, or specialized
devices through variable programmed
motions for performance of variety of
tasks.
An ‘intelligent’ robot includes some
kind of sensory apparatus that allows it to
respond to change in it’s environment.
 Advantages of Artificial
Intelligence

 Machines can be used to take on complex and stressful work

that would be otherwise performed by humans

 Machines can complete the task faster than a human assigned

to do the same task

 Use of robotics to discover unexplored landscape, outer space

and also be useful in our home activities

 Less danger, injury and stress to humans as the work is done

by a artificially intelligent machine

 Aiding of mental, visually and hearing impaired individuals

 Disadvantages of Artificial
Intelligence
 Lacks the human touch. Human qualities are sometimes
ignored

 The ability to replace a human job. This gives rise to humans

feeling insecure and may have the fear of losing their job

 Human capabilities can be replaced using a machine and

therefore can foster feelings of inferiority among workers and
staff

 Artificial Intelligence can malfunction and do the opposite of

what they are programmed to do
 Disadvantages
(Risks)
 Potential for
malevolent
programs, “cold
war” between two
countries,
unforeseen impacts
because it is
complex
technology,
environmental
consequences will
most likely be
minimal.
 The Future?
 Idea of Artificial
Intelligence is being
replaced by Artificial life,
or anything with a form
or body.

 The consensus among

scientists is that a
requirement for life is
that it has an
embodiment in some
physical form, but this
will change. Programs
may not fit this
requirement for life yet.
AFTER ALL,

WE’VE
MADE THE
MACHINES
…