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Mendelian Genetics
A class lecture for undergraduate student
By:Purnomo Soeharso
Department of Medical Biology
Faculty of Medicine UI
Genetics : Knowledge/science about heredity.
Deal with:
How biological information (genes) and/or traits are
transferred (transmitted) from one generation to the
next.
- How the information is expressed by the organism
carrying the related (relevance) gene .
Chromosome
morphology:
1. Metacentric
2. Sub metacentric
3. Acrocentric
4. Telocentric
Mendel’s experiment :
AA X AA aa X aa
AA AA AA aa aa aa
A cross between two highly inbred strains of peas
F2 : self fertilization Dd X Dd
♀ D d
♂
D DD Dd
d Dd dd
F2 genotypes DD : Dd : dd = 1 : 2 : 1
F2 phenotype tall (D-) : short(dd) = 3 : 1
Terminology
F2 phenotype : (3 + 1) (3 + 1)
9+3+3+1
GgWw X GgWw
3 G- 1 ww 3 G- ww (yellow wrinkle)
1cc 3aaB-cc
Monohybrid 2 2 3 3 : 1
Trihybrid 8 8 27 27 : 9 : 9 : 9 : 3 : 3 : 3 : 1
n 2n 2n 3n (3 : 1)n
Back cross and Test cross
Back cross is mating between individual genotype with one of the parent
(P).
P AA X aa
F1 Aa
back cross of Aa with AA produce one phenotype (A-) or two genotypes
(AA and Aa) 1 : 1
Aa with aa produce two phenotypes (A- dan aa) or two
genotypes (Aa and aa) 1 : 1
AB X AB blood group
IA IB IA IB
IA IA : IA IB : IB IB
A AB B
1 : 2 : 1
ABO blood group.
A I A IA A
B IB IB B
AB I AI B AB
O IO I O __
A I O IA A
B IOIB B
3. Lethal genes (alleles)
Alleles implicate with survival of individuals carrying this genes
those carrying homozigous allele die & distorting Mendelian ratio.
Creeper allele (C) is dominant in its effect on wings and legs length, but
recessive on its effect on viability.
CC lethal, die before hatching
Cc creeper hen
cc normal hen, survive after hatching on
Human achondroplastic dwarfism are heterozygote (Xx) with
short arms and legs.
X linked inheritance
recessive allele is transmitted from carrier mother to her son, or from
a couple of carrier wife and affected husband to some of their
daughters & all of their sons.
fetalis)
Rh+ child is always born by Rh+ parent, Rh- parent never
give birth Rh+ child.
Recessive inheritance inheritance from both parents
Aa X Aa
↓
Aa Aa Aa aa
Non-Mendelian genetics
Cytoplasmic inheritance