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International Conference on Information Systems and Technologies

Tébessa, 24-26 April 2011

Extending the AODV Protocol to


Provide Quality of Service in
Mobile Ad hoc Networks
Nadir Bouchama, Nadia Nouali, Djamil Aïssani, Natalia Djellab and
Houari Maouchi

CERIST Research Center


03 Rue des frères Aissou, Ben Aknoun, Algiers 16306, Algeria
Ph.D Student at University of Bejaia.
Rue de Targa Ouzemmour 06000. Algeria
nbouchama@cerist.dz

Webpage: http://nadirbouchama.webs.com/aboutme.htm
Outline
• Introduction
• Ad hoc Networks: Challenges and Applications
• Quality of Service (QoS) in ad hoc Networks
• AODV
• Proposal
• Performance Evaluation
• Conclusion & Further Research

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Ad hoc Networks: définition
Definition [RFC2501]
A mobile ad hoc network (or MANET) is an autonomous
system of mobile nodes. The system may operate in isolation, or
may have gateways to and interface with a fixed network.

Advantages
• Flexible
• Easy to deploy
• Self-healing
• Independent from central network administration
ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011
Ad hoc Networks: Applications
• Disaster management
• Military communications in battles
• Group communications
• VANETs (Vehicular Ad hoc Networks)
• Internet access and backhauling

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Ad hoc Networks: Challenges
• Quality of Service
• MAC access
• Routing
• Load balancing
• Security
• Mobility management
• Auto-configuration
• Energy conservation
• Flow and congestion control
• Fairness
• etc
ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011
Quality of Service (QoS)

• ITU (International Telecommunication Union)


“ A collective effect of service performance which
determines the degree of satisfaction of a user of the
service”.

• IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force)


“ A set of service requirements to be met by the
network while transporting a flow from a source to a
destination”.
ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011
QoS challenges in Ad hoc Networks
• Dynamic varying topology
• Error prone channel
• Limited energy and processing power
• Limited bandwidth
• Imprecise state information
• Lack of central coordination
• Heterogeneity of nodes
• Etc.

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


QoS in Ad hoc Networks
New Paradigms:
• Soft QoS
• Adaptive QoS
Research domains:
• QoS Models (e.g. SWAN, FQMM, HQMM, etc);
• Signalling Protocols: (e.g. INSIGNIA);
• MAC Access: (e.g. 802.11);
• QoS routing: (e.g. CEDAR, QOLSR, BEQR)

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


The AODV Protocol
• Ad hoc On Demand Vector Distance Routing
• A reactive Protocol
• IETF RFC 3561

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


AODV: Pros and cons
• Advantages
- Simplicity
- Reactivity to highly dynamic networks

• Disadvantages
- QoS-unaware

 Extend it to make it QoS-aware

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


QoS Metrics

Source:

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Some Queuing Models for 802.11

• M/MMGI/1/K
Ozdemir et al 2004

• M/G/1
Meraihi et al, 2004 Ph.D Thesis

• M/G/1/K
Ozdemir et al 2004

• M/M/1/K
Chikh Sarr, 2007 Ph.D Thesis

• G/G/1
Bisnik et al 2009
ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011
AODV-D
QoS
Application requirements

Presentation
Session
Transport
M/M/1/K system
CAC
Network
QoS Routing
AODV

LLC
Delay and Bandwidth
MAC Estimation

PHY
ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011
Performance Evaluation
• The new protocol was implemented under the
NS-2 simulator

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Simulation parameters

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Performance Evaluation
• The new protocol was implemented under the
NS-2 simulator

AODV-D
Délai ≤ 150

AODV
Plus court chemin

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


End to end delay

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Jitter

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Packet Loss Ratio

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


Conclusion
• QoS routing is an important building block in any QoS
solution.
• One of the major challenges in building a QoS routing
protocol in mobile ad hoc networks is resource
estimation.
• We tackled on QoS extensions for the AODV protocol.
• For this purpose, three building blocks are added to
the latter: application requirements, resource
estimation, and admission control.
• Simulation results show that our protocol improves
the performances of VoIP connections in terms of end
to end delay, jitter, and packet loss rate.
ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011
Further Research

• Comparing delay-constraint routing with an AODV-


based multipath routing protocol like AOMDV;
• Adding a QoS-aware MAC layer (e.g. 802.11e) to the
framework;
• Testing the scalability of the protocol according to the
number of nodes and to the number of flows;
• Using a disaster management mobility model for more
realistic scenarios.

ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011


ICIST 2011, Tébessa 24-26 April 2011

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