You Gotta Have Heart

The Circulatory System

 Engage

 Walt Disney’s Hemo the Magnificent

 Scene 3 – The Heart
 Scene 4 – Lubb-Dubb
 Explore

 How does exercise affect heart rate?

 Circulatory System Relay
 Color Your Heart
Hemo the Magnificent

Scene 6 – The Capillaries

Circulatory System Consists of…
 Blood Vessels

 Blood

 Heart
Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS
 Two Pathways
 Pulmonary Circulation
– Carries blood to lungs and back

 Systemic Circulation
– Carries blood to body and back
 Capillaries of head and arms

Superior vena Pulmonary artery

Aorta
cava

Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right Capillaries of left
lung lung

Inferior vena cava

Capillaries of abdominal
organs and legs
 Your Blood Vessels:
Pathway of Circulation

 3 types of vessels
– Arteries
– Capillaries
– Veins
Artery vs. Vein
 Arteries:
carries blood Away from heart

– Large
– Thick-walled, Muscular
– Elastic
– Oxygenated blood
 Exception Pulmonary Artery
– Carried under great pressure
– Steady pulsating
Arterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue
 Capillaries

– Smallest vessel
– Microscopic
– Walls one cell thick
– Nutrients and gases diffuse here
 Veins:
Carries blood to heart

– Carries blood that contains

waste and CO2
 Exception pulmonary vein
– Blood not under much
pressure
– Valves to prevent much
gravity pull

Venules: larger than capillaries

 Varicose Veins
Damaged Valves in Veins
Circulatory System
BLOOD
 What is Blood?

 Blood Simulation
 The Blood

 Body contains 4-6 L

 Consists of
– Water
– Red Blood Cells
– Plasma
– White blood cells and
platelets
 Plasma

Platelets

White blood
cells

Red blood
cells

Whole Blood Sample Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That

Has Been Centrifuged
 Plasma

Platelets

White blood
cells

Red blood
cells

Whole Blood Sample Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That

Has Been Centrifuged
 Plasma

Platelets

White blood
cells

Red blood
cells

Whole Blood Sample Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That

Has Been Centrifuged
Parts of the Blood
Your Blood: Fluid Transport

Liquid Portion Carries

 Blood cells
– Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood
 a Tissue cells)
– Leucocytes (WBC - white blood
 50% water
cells)
 4% dissolved  Platelets (non cellular particles)
substances  Proteins
– Enzymes
– Hormones – Endocrine System
 Nutrients - Digestive System
 Gases - Respiratory System
 Inorganic salts
 Oxygen in the Blood
 Hemoglobin, iron
containing molecule
 Loosely picks up
oxygen in the lungs
 Loses oxygen in areas
low in oxygen
(diffuses)
Carbon Dioxide in the Blood

 Hemoglobin carries CO2 also

 CO2 is a waste product of
cellular work
 70% of CO2 combines with
water
 The rest travels to the lungs
What does blood contain?

 50% Water
 45% Erythrocytes
 4% Plasma with Substances
 1% Leukocytes + Platelets
 Erythrocytes (RBC)
 Transporters of
– Oxygen
– Carbon Dioxide
 RBC
– Lack a nucleus
– Contain hemoglobin
– Disk-shaped
 RBC are produced in red bone
marrow of
– ribs,
– humerus,
– femur,
– sternum, and other long bones
 Lives for 120 days
 Old RBC are destroyed in liver
and spleen
 Leukocytes (WBC)

 WBC fight infection

– Attack foreign
substances
 Less abundant
 Large cells
 Some live for
months
– Most just a few days
 Several types
 ALL contain nuclei
 Platelets

 PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood

 Cell fragments
 Produced in bone marrow
 Short life span (1 week)
 Fibrin (sticky network of protein
fibers)
– Form a web trapping blood cells
Blood Clotting

Break in Capillary Wall Clumping of Platelets Clot Forms

Blood vessels injured. Platelets clump at the site Thrombin converts

and release thromboplastin. fibrinogen into fibrin, which
Thromboplastin converts causes a clot. The clot
prothrombin into thrombin.. prevents further loss of
blood..
Circulatory System
HEART
 Your Heart: The Vital Pump

 At REST, the heart

pumps about 5
QUARTS of blood a
minute.
 During EXTREME
EXERTION (exercise)
it can pump 40 quarts
a minute.
 Heart:
Structure and Function

 Keeps blood moving

 Large organ
composed of
– cardiac muscle,
– rich in mitochondria
– Enclosed by a sac
 PERICARDIUM
The Structures of the Heart
Superior Vena Cava
Large vein that brings oxygen-poor blood from
the upper part of the body to the right atrium
Pulmonary Veins
Bring oxygen-rich blood from
each of the lungs to the left atrium
Pulmonary Valve
Prevents blood from flowing
back into the right ventricle
after it has entered the
pulmonary artery
Right Atrium
Tricuspid Valve
Prevents blood from flowing
back into the right atrium after it
has entered the right ventricle
Inferior Vena Cava
Vein that brings oxygen-poor
blood from the lower part of
the body to the right atrium
Aorta
Brings oxygen-rich blood from the left
ventricle to the rest of the body
Pulmonary Arteries
Bring oxygen-poor blood
to the lungs
Left Atrium
Aortic Valve
Prevents blood from flowing
back into the left ventricle
after it has entered the aorta
Mitral Valve
Prevents blood from flowing back
into the left atrium after it has
entered the left ventricle
Left Ventricle
Septum
Right Ventricle
 Structure of Heart (cont)

 Four chambers
– Two upper (Atria)
 Walls thinner
 Less muscular
– Two lower
(Ventricles)
 Walls thicker
 More muscular
 Do more work
Blood Flow Through the Heart

©COPY 1997 HeartPoint

Bloods Path Through the Heart

 Both Atria fill at same time

– Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from

body from vena cava

– Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from

lungs through four pulmonary veins

 After filled with blood atria contract,

pushing blood into ventricle
 Both ventricles contract

Right ventricle contracts and pushes

oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,
 against gravity,
 through pulmonary arteries
Bloods Path Through the Heart
(cont)

Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen

rich blood
 out of heart through
 aorta (largest vessel)
Hemo the Magnificent

Scene 7 – Gatekeepers
 Control of the Heart
(Nervous System)

 Medulla oblongata regulates rate

 Sensory cells stretch when too fast
 Pressure drops when beat is too low
 Heartbeat Regulation

 Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries

(pulse)
 Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of
right atrium
 Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract
 Triggers 2nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the
right atrium to send message to ventricles, they
contract
 EkG – record of electrical changes in the heart
 The Sinoatrial Node
Contraction of Atria Contraction of Ventricles

Sinoatrial
(SA) node

Conducting
fibers

Atrioventricular
(AV) node
 Blood Pressure

 Blood against the blood vessel’s walls

– The systolic pressure refers to
 the pressure recorded while the ventricles pump
the blood.
– The diastolic pressure refers to
 the pressure recorded as the ventricles fill with
blood.
 A normal blood pressure is 120/80
 DISORDERS

 ATHEROSCLEROSIS
– Fatty deposits called plaque
– Builds up in walls of arteries
– Obstructs flow
– Also a risk if clot breaks free and blocks flow
elsewhere
 Disorders (cont)

 Hypertension
– High blood pressure
– Hearts works harder than necessary
– Increases risk of heart attack or stroke
 Disorders (cont)

 Heart Attack
– Atherosclerosis in coronary artery
– Heart muscle begins to die

 Symptoms
– Nausea
– Shortness of breath
– Severe chest pain

IMMEDIATE MEDICAL ATTENTION NECESSARY

 Disorders (cont)

 Stroke
– Blood clot gets stuck in blood vessels leading
to brain
– Brain cells die due to lack of oxygen
 Or blood vessel burst

– Can lead to paralysis,

 loss of ability to speak
 death
 Current PREVENTION
Recommendations

 Regular exercise
 Weight control
 Well balanced diet
 Do not smoke
 Diet low in saturated
fat
 Elaboration

 Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump?

 Blood Types

 Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion

 Four Types
–A
–B
– AB
–O
 Inherited from your parents
Blood Types
What happens when you mix blood
types?
 Plasma contains proteins that
correspond to the shape of the
different antigens
 If you mix one type with the
wrong one, you get CLUMPING
 Type O is the universal donor
 Type AB is the universal acceptor
What Makes Our Blood Type?
 Blood Transfusions

Blood Type Blood Type of Recipient

of Donor
A B AB O

AB

Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion

 Rh Factor
 Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited
– Rh+ (have antigen)
– Rh- (NO antigen)
 Can cause complications in pregnancies
– mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with
mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+
antibodies
– 2nd Rh + body attacks baby
– Now have medicine to prevent antibody
formation