SYNOPSIS PRESENTATION ON THE

TITLE OF DATABASE
Presented by: Aakash
Bca 2nd semester
Lord Buddha education foundation
Maitidevi, Kathmandu Nepal
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First up all I would like to thanks lord buddha education foundation
for providing such an interactive activities from which student may
able to improve their presentation skill. Lord buddha education
foundation has a well-established tradition of excellence across
abroad range of academic discipline. Lbef is an associate study
center of mcrpvs university ,bhopal to offer bachelor and pg
program in compute science. College for professional
study(estd.2000) is an associate of lbef and an university learning
center of sikkim manipal university of health, medical and
technological sciences.
TOPIC OF CONTAIN

The term database is very wide to for describing.

Many books were published to describe database in widely so in this
presentation I am trying to present only my knowledge in database so this
is only for external not for wide and it cover some summary of database
which I know . So evaluate it externally not so deeply.
 INTRODUCTION AND
CONCEPT OF DATABASE

A database is a repository for collection of related data or fact. A database contains a collection
of related items or fact arranged in a specific structure. The most obvious example of a non
computerized database is a telephone directory. Telephone companies now are use an
electronic database program to produce their printed phone book. Database system are
designed to manage large bodies of information. The management of data involves both the
definition of structure for the storage of information and provision of mechanism for the
manipulation of information . In addition, database system must provide for the safety of
information stored despite the system crashes or attempts at unauthorized access. In fact, a
database is a compute file system that uses a particular file organization to facilitate rapid
updating of individuals records, simultaneous updating of related records, easy access to all
record , by all application program, and rapid access to all stored data which must be brought
together for a particular routine report or inquiry or a special purpose report or inquiry.
 A DATABASE HAS A
FOLLOWING PROPERTIES
A database represent some aspects of the real world.
Some example of the database are database of students
,database of employee etc. all are related to the real
world.
A database is a collection of related data, which has some
meanings
A database is designed, built and populated with data for
a specific purpose. Every database has some application in
the real world . Thus, it has an intended groups of users.
 Objective of database
i. Provide for mass storage device of relevant data
ii. Making access to the data easy for the user
iii. Providing prompts response to user requests for data
iv. Making the latest modification to the database available
immediately
v. Eliminate redundant(duplicate) data
vi. Allow multiple user to be active at one time
vii. Allow the growth of database system
viii. Protect the data from physical harm and unauthorized access
 KEY TERM TO BE KNOWN IN
DATABASE SYSTEM
1. Fields
 Field contain three important terms in database. Field
contain one piece of information of entry eg: in an address
book each entry has fields for first name, last name,
address , phone number, email, birthdates etc.
 So each and every unique type of information is
stored in its own fields
2. Records
o One full set of fields i.e. all the related information about
one person or object is called the record. For example, for
an address book all the information for first person is one
record and the information for the second person is called
another record and so on.
3.Table
• A complete collection of record is called table. A table
contains row and column. Each column of a table represent
fields and each row represents records.
 Example of key terms

Sn. Name Age Class Grade

1 Ram 17 xi A
2 Sita 25 Xii C
3 Hari 18 Xi B
4 gopal 21 Xii B
5 gita 19 Xi A
 ARCHITECTURE OF
DATABASE MODEL

Data model is a collection of integrated concept of describing data, relationship among data and constraint.
Following are the different data base model.
1. Hierarchical data model
Under it data manipulation (insert, update, select, delete) is difficult.
This is popular in 1970s . It follow the concept of the parent and child. One parent can have more child but one
child have only one parent. It can hold 1:many relationship, ims is based on hierarchical data model.eg:
c:,c:\ram, c:\ram\shyam
2. Network data model
 It is popular in 1971
 It follows the many: many relationship
 Many supplier can supply many item to many project
 Codasyl data is based on network data model
 In this concept one parent have multiple child, although one child have also multiple parent
3.Relational data model
 It is discover in 1970s
 It is popular data model
 It is best data model
 It is based on codd’s rule
E-R MODEL (ENTITY
RELATIONSHIP MODEL)
 Entity is a things, entity is a object which has
certain process i.e.
 Entity field of table
 Entity set group of similar type of entity
 Strong entity if the entity has primary that is
strong entity

 Weak entity entity without primary key is

weak entity.
 NOTATION OF E-R DIAGRAM
 Entity type

 Weak entity

 Key attribute(strong entity)

 Multivalue attribute

 Relationship :
 Types of keys(key is also called
identifier)
1)
1) primary
primary key
key
Primary
Primary key accept only
key accept only unique
unique value
value i.e.
i.e. non
non repeatable.
repeatable. ItIt doesn’t
doesn’t accept
accept null
null values.
values. With
With the
the help
help of
of it
it
relation can be created. syntax: create table master(roll int primary key, name char(25),
relation can be created. syntax: create table master(roll int primary key, name char(25), address(15), address(15),
course
course char(10));
char(10));
2)
2) Unique
Unique key
key
It
It is
is quite
quite different
different then
then primary
primary key key other
other wise
wise same
same i.e.
i.e. it
it support
support null
null value
value but
but only
only one
one time,
time, it
it cannot
cannot
create relationship. Syntax: create table master(roll int primary key, name varchar(25),
create relationship. Syntax: create table master(roll int primary key, name varchar(25), address address
varchar(15),
varchar(15), mobile
mobile number(unique));
number(unique));
3)
3) Composite
Composite key(super
key(super key)
key)
Making
Making primary key with the
primary key with the combination
combination of of two
two or
or more
more then
then two
two field
field is
is called
called composite
composite key.
key. Syntax
Syntax ::
create
create table
table stdrec(roll
stdrec(roll int
int ,, name
name varchar(30),
varchar(30), address
address varchar(10),
varchar(10), section
section char(5),
char(5), primary
primary key(roll,
key(roll,
section));
section));
i.e.
i.e. t1[super
t1[super key]
key] t2[super
t2[super key]
key]
4)
4) Candidate
Candidate keykey
It
It is a fundamental concept
is a fundamental concept of of key
key attribute
attribute and
and possibility
possibility ofof being
being primary
primary key
key is
is candidate
candidate key
key for
for
primary key.
primary key.
5)
5) Alternate
Alternate key
key
Field
Field without
without any
any specific
specific key
key isis alternate
alternate key
key or
or after
after making
making primary
primary oror any
any key
key from
from candidate
candidate key
key the
the
remaining fields is by default become an alternate
remaining fields is by default become an alternate key key
5)
5) Foreign key
Foreign key
It
It may
may be be more
more inin table
table but
but should
should have
have primary
primary key
key in
in parent
parent table.
table. The
The data
data type
type should
should also
also be
be same
same
from where the reference is been
from where the reference is been taking. taking.
 Language of database
 DDL(data definition language)
Processing of data i.e. create, alter, drop. It is fully structure oriented
 DML(data manipulating language)
Process of manipulating data i.e. select, insert , update, delete.
 TCL(transaction control language)
Process of controlling data systematically. i.e. begin
Tran(transaction), roll back, commit.
 DCL(data control language)
Process of controlling data(security purpose) i.e. grant ,revoke.
 ADVANTAGE OF
DATABASE
i. Data sharing
Data stored in database can be shared.
ii. Reduce data redundancy
In traditional file processing, the same data may be duplicate at many places, is also
called data redundancy. A database reduces the duplication of data from a
database.
iii. Providing multiple user interface
Database provides variety of interface for various user. It provides query language
interface, forms and command interface so that users interact easily with the
database.
iv. Security can be improved
In an organization, there should be many confidential data, such data should not be
available to all user. In a database, certain restriction can be applied for security
by giving different authority to different users.