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 Source by :
 Schrampfer .A, Betty .2003.English grammar
third edition. United States of America.
logman.com.
 Drs. Budiman, Arif .2003. Intisari Tata Bahasa
Inggris. Bandung.CV. Pustaka Setia
 Juwita , Anne.2008. 160 Menit Menguasai
 Tenses.Jakarta.Hi-Fest.

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 Contents
 1. ABSTRACT

 2.FORMULA & EXAMPLE

 3. TIME SIGNAL

 4. USSAGE

English lexicology (III) 4

ABSTRACT

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Formula of Verb Sentences

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Formula of Nominal Sentences

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 TIME SIGNAL

Simple present is used for events or situations that exist

always, usually or habitually in the past, present and
future
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Ussage

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Adverb of Frequency
 Always
 Often
 Usually
 Generally
 Habitually
 Seldom
 Rarely
 Everyday
 Sometimes
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1.1 FORMULA of Verbal Sentences
(+) S + INFINITIVE / verb 1+ (s/es) + C
(adjective, noun, adverb)
 We must remember to use simple present tense is the
addition of (-s) and (-es) in the third person singular
subjects such as :
{ HE, SHE, IT, ADIT} --> verb need to added "-s"
or "-es“
 But in plural subject like:
{THEY, WE, I, YOU} --> verb do not need to
added "-s" or "-es"

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1.2 THE RULE TO ADD “-ES /-S “
 The addition of "-es" if the verb ends in the
letters : -ch, -sh, -ss, -s, -o, and -x
example: Catch-catches, wash-washes,
kiss-kisses, miss-misses, go-goes, fix-fixes
 for the verb end in letter Y, just that in
preceded by a consonant (b,c,d,f,g…) the
letter Y changes to "-ies",
example : study-studies, carry-carries, try-
tries, copy-copies,

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continue
 Butif the letter Y preceded by a vowel (a, I, u,
e, o) do not changes and add -S.
example: Buy-buys, play-plays, stay-stays

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1.3 Example of present Tense in
Affirmative Sentences

Plural subject :
 They play football every Sunday

 You study English every week

 I usually sit at the same desk in class

everyday
 We come to the party

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1.3 Example of present Tense in
Affirmative Sentences
Singular Subject
 Ana takes a shower everymorning

 She studies English every week

 She goes to school every morning

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1.4 Negative Sentences
to changes the positive sentence to be negative
sentences can use this formula :
(-) S + DO NOT / DOES NOT+ INFINITIVE + C
(adjective, noun, adverb)
 ( I, YOU, WE, THEY / plural subject} --> the
assistant verb "do" (to make negative(-) and
interrogative(?) sentence)
 {HE, SHE, IT / singular subject} --> the assistant
verb "does" (to make negative(-) and
interrogative(?) sentence )
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1.5 Example of Negative sentences
 Singular Subject :
 ( +) Mr. Hadi teaches English
 ( - ) Mr. Hadi does not teach English
 Plural Subject :
 (+) They go to school everyday
 ( - )They do not go to school everyday

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1.6 interrogative sentence
 FORMULA :
 (? ) DO NOT / DOES NOT+ S + INFINITIVE + C
(adjective, noun, adverb)
 Example :
 Singular Subject :
 ( +) Mr. Hadi teaches English
 ( - ) Mr. Hadi does not teach English
 ( ?) Does Mr. Hadi teach English?
 Answer : Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t

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continue
 Plural Subject :
 (+) They go to school everyday
 ( - )They do not go to school everyday
 (?) do they go to school everyday
Answer : Yes, they do / No, they don’t

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Formula of Nominal Sentences
 (+) S + tobe + Non verb
 (-) S+ tobe + Not + Non Verb
 (?) Tobe+ S + Non Verb

 Example:
 (+) She is a doctor
 ( -) She is nota doctor
 (?) is she a doctor?

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