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 STRUCTURE


 
 
 
 
 




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: Polyhedral in shape
covered by a protein coat called capsid.
The capsid is made up of protein units
called capsomeres. The capsid encloses
the nucleic acid. (DNA or RNA)

  : Very short and has a collar. The

neck is the portion, which connects the
head and tail.


 : has a central, hollow core. A

contractile sheath surrounds it.
The tail end of the bacteriophage is
attached to a hexagonal shaped end
plate Basell plateThe end plate has long
fibers with spikes
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Bacteriophage phi 29
Bacteriophage Lambda
%

Bacteriophage Replicates By two type of
lifecycle.
1. Lytic Cycle
2. Lysogenic Cycle
‘ Ãn the Basis of Life Cycle Bacteriophages are of two
types
‘ 1. VIRULENT PHAGE:
‘ Replicates through lytic cycle
‘ Always cause lysis of cell
‘ Example: T4 Phage

‘ 2. TEMPERATE PHAGE:
‘ Replicates through Lysogenic Cycle
‘ Less harmfull
‘ Example: Lambda Phage
 ¦ %


 
TEP
1. Attachment

2. Penetration

3. Protein ynthesis

4. Genome Replication

5. Assembly

6. Cell Lysis
% 

  
TEP
1. Attachment

2. Penetration

3. Prophage Formation

4. Binary Fission

5. Protein ynthesis

6. Genome Replication

7. Assembly

8. Release
  % 
‘ Medical Importance

‘ Industrial Importance

‘ Ecological
 

 
.
Phage therapy is the therapeutic use of
bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial
infection.
Bacteriophages has advantage over antibiotics.
Traditional antibiotics have more wide-ranging
effect, killing both harmful bacteria and useful
bacteria.
The specificity of bacteriophages might reduce the
chance that useful bacteria are killed when fighting
an infection.
 % 
 



‘ Bacteria forms biofilm on host.

‘ Antibiotics cannot penetrate into the biofilm.

‘ Phage help in destruction of biofilm through cell lysis.

 % <  
‘ In current industrial fermentation processes phages
can be advantageously employed for the identification
of bacterial production strains
‘ The propagation of phages in fermentation processes
can cause lysis of the production strains
‘ Disturbances in the production process and
considerable economic losses.
 %    
‘ Bacteriophages, like bacteria, are very common in all
natural environments and are directly related to the
numbers of bacteria present
‘ They have shaped the evolution of bacteria.
‘ Phages are much more abundant in water.
‘ They also play role in food web. The lysis of Bacteria by
phages release organic compounds , which make
carbon more available to other organisms.