DSL TECHNOLOGIES

RTTC,HYDERBAD
 Different technologies
NarrowBand
2.4 kbps – 128kbps
Broadband
256kbps – 8000kbps
LAN
1000kbps – 100Mbps / Giga Ethernet

May 30, 2011 2

 TECHNOLOGY OPTIONS FOR
BROADBAND SERVICES

Broadband Technologies

Wireless Wireline

3G Mobile DSL (Digital Sub’s Line)

Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) Cable Modem

WiMAX Optical Fibre Technologies

LMDS & MMDS PLC (Power Line

Communication)
FSO (Free Space Optics)

Satellite
May 30, 2011 3
 Advantages and Disadvantages of ADSL

Advantages Disadvantages
Always on Must have a
No usage charge BSNLtelephone line to
use ADSL (At the
Inexpensive moment!)
Fast Not suitable for
No engineer install servers
“Easy” to set up Contention issues
Wider coverage as Distance limits
almost every house Local exchange must
has a copper pair! be ADSL enabled
Can use telephone at DACS can cause
the same time as problems
being online
Alarms that contact
Minimum 3 month authorities via phone
contract with some line can be
providers problematic with an
Wide choice of ADSL installation
products within the
ADSL portfolio
Easy to migrate

May 30, 2011 4

 Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL) on
copper loop

DSL has proved to be an important

technology for provisioning of Broadband
services through the copper loop. The
owners of copper loop have to be given a
high priority because their role is critical as
key drivers in the Broadband service market
using DSL.
BSNL and MTNL as well as other access
providers are expected to aggressively use
their copper loop infrastructure for providing
Broadband services through this technology

May 30, 2011 5

 WHAT IS
DSL

DSL provides dedicated bandwidth that can be

up to 278 times faster than a 28.8 Kbps modem,
143 times faster than 56Kbps modem, 62 times
faster than ISDN and up to 4 times faster than a
E1 (T1) connection.
That's really fast!
Even better, DSL uses your ordinary phone line
but doesn't tie it up -- you can access the
Internet while you are using the same line for
conversation or faxing.
In addition, you stay connected -- there's no
dialing up or waiting for busy signals.
May 30, 2011 6
 DSL Technology

 DSL may offer more than 100 times the network

performance of a traditional analog modem
 DSL uses the same telephone line as traditional
modem
 DSL remains always-on all the time
Customer no longer need to physically dial up to
the ISP to “log in to the internet”

May 30, 2011 7

 DSL Technology

DSL can also be implemented with PPoE (Point

to Point Protocol over Ethernet) that does not
support always-on. This is required when
authentication is necessary.

May 30, 2011 8

 xDSL-Families
•ADSL- Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line
•HDSL-High Data Rate DSL
•VDSL-Very high data rate DSL
•IDSL-ISDN DSL
•RADSL-Rate adaptive DSL
•SDSL-Symmetric DSL

May 30, 2011 9

 ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Family
ADSL Family
Description Upsteream Downstream
Rate
Maximum
Rate range

ADSL G,992.1 / G.DMT 640 KBps 8 MBps 5.5 Km

ADSL Lite G.992.2 / G.Lite 384 KBps 2 MBps 6Km

ADSL2 G.992.3 / G.dmt.bis 1-1.5 MBps 12-16 MBps 5.7 Km

ADSL2 Lite G.992.4 / G.lite.bis

ADSL2 + G.992.5 / ADSL 2 plus 1 MBps 26 MBps 5.7 Km

ADSL2 RE G.992.3 Reach Extended 1MBps 12 MBps 7Km

May 30, 2011 10
May 30, 2011 11
 ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

G.DMT / G.992.1 standard
Used for applications which require greater
download bandwidth but require relatively
little in opposite direction like Web browsing;
File downloads
An ADSL circuit connects an ADSL modem on
each end of a twisted pair telephone line
creating three information channels
A high speed downstream channel
A medium speed duplex channel
A basic telephone service channel

May 30, 2011 12

 ADSL

The basic telephone service channel is split off

from the digital modem by splitter at client site
Allows simultaneous access to the line by the
telephone and the computer
In case of power/ADSL failure, data transmission
is lost but basic telephone service will be
operational
Provides
16-640 kbps upstream
1.5-8 mbps downstream
Can work up to a distance of 3.7 to 5.5 kms
depending upon the speed required

May 30, 2011 13

 ADSL rates and channel
frequency
band allocation in local loop

May 30, 2011 14

 ADSL

Data Rate Wire Size Distance

1.5-2.0 Mbps ADSL18000 Feet
0.5 mm 5.5 Kms

1.5-2.0 Mbps 0.4 mm 15000 Feet 4.6 Kms

6.1 Mbps 0.5 mm 12000 Feet 3.7 Kms

6.1 Mbps 0.4 mm 9000 Feet 2.7 Kms

May 30, 2011 15
 ADSL Transceiver

Downstream
Channel(s) MUX
D/A & A/D
RCVR
Duplex Error
Line
Channel(s) Control Basic Output
Coupler
Telephone To line
Channel Service
Separation Splitter
DEMUX
FDM
Duplex
XMTR Or
Channel(s) Error
ECH Basic
Control
Telephone
Service

May 30, 2011 16

 HDSL

High bit/data rate DSL

Can be viewed as equivalent of PCM stream
Offers the same bandwidth both upstream
and downstream
Can work up to a distance of 3.66 to 4.57
kms depending upon the speed required
Can deliver 2048 kbps
On 2 phone lines, each line carrying 1168
kbps
On 3 phone lines, each line carrying 784
kbps

May 30, 2011 17

 HDSL

No provision exists for voice

because it uses the voice band
HDSL-2 is proposed as next
generation HDSL over single phone
line
Requires more aggressive
modulation, shorter distance and
better phone line

May 30, 2011 18

 SDSL

Symmetric Digital Subscriber Line

Rate adaptive version of HDSL
Does not support analog calls
Works up to 3.7 kms on 0.5 mm dia cable
Affordable alternative to dedicated leased
lines
SHDSL-Symmetric High-bit-rate Digital
Subscriber Line is an further improvement
over HDSL/SDSL and uses single phone
line

May 30, 2011 19

 VDSL

Very-high Data-rate DSL

Also known as BDSL
Originally named VADSL (A –
Asymmetric) but was later extended
to support both symmetric &
asymmetric
Requires one phone line
Supports voice & data
Works between 0.3-1.37 kms
depending on speed

May 30, 2011 20

 VDSL

Upstream data rate of 1.6-2.3 mbps

Downstream data rate of 13-52
mbps
Data Rate - Wire Size – Distance
Downstream Upstream Distance
12.96 Mbps 1.6-2.3 mbps 4500 Feet 1.37 Kms
25.82 Mbps 1.6-2.3 mbps 3000 Feet 0.91 Kms
51.84 Mbps 1.6-2.3 mbps 1000 Feet 0.30 Kms

May 30, 2011 21

 IDSL

ISDN DSL-a hybrid DSL/ISDN

solution
Works over existing ISDN
connection
Increases ISDN speed from 128
kbps to 144 kbps

May 30, 2011 22

 XDSL Modulation

Two types of modulation techniques

are used in xDSL Technologies
CAP - Carrierless Amplitude and
Phase
DMT - Discrete Multi-Tone
modulation

May 30, 2011 23

 CAP Modulation

Carrierless Amplitude and Phase

Closely related to QAM (Quadrature
Amplitude Modulation)
QAM generates a DSSC (Double Sideband
Suppressed Carrier) signal constructed
from two multi-level PAM (Pulse
Amplitude Modulated) signals applied in
phase quadrature to one another
CAP modulation produces the same form
of signal as QAM without requiring in-
phase and quadrature components of the
carrier to first be generated

May 30, 2011 24

 CAP Transmitter

an In-Phase
Filter

Output
Binary
Passband To line
Input Constellation + D/A
Encoder Line Filter

Quadrature
bn Filter

May 30, 2011 25

 CAP Receiver

In-Phase
Adaptive filter
~
an Data
Line
Decision Out
Input Decoder
A/D Device
~
bn

Quadrature
Filter

May 30, 2011 26

 DMT Modulation

Discrete Multi-Tone modulation

Evolved from the concept of operating an
array of N relatively low-rate transceivers
in parallel to achieve an overall high rate
on one line
The N low-rate information streams are
kept separated from one another by
sending them over N separate frequency
sub-bands or sub-channels
DMT achieves this sub-channel arraying by
utilising the IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier
Transform) and it counterpart, the FFT
(Fast Fourier Transform)

May 30, 2011 27

 DMT Transmitter

Serial to 2 Output
Data
Parallel DMT Line To line
Input D/A
Input Symbol IFFT Filter
Data Encoder
Buffer N

DMT
Symbols
Transmitted
N (Complex) Serially
Sub-channel
Symbols

May 30, 2011 28

 DMT Receiver

2 Parallel
line Data
DMT To Serial
Filter A/D Out
FFT Symbol Output
Decoder Data
N Buffer

DMT
Symbols
Received
Serially N (Complex)
Sub-channel
Symbols

May 30, 2011 29

 ADSL DMT Modulation
256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of
4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz.
Each sub carrier can support maximum
15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noise
Ratio for that sub carrier a decision is taken
How many bits that particular sub carrier can
Support. Each carrier can carry 0-15 bits/sec/Hz
Carriers 1-6 for voice and guardband
Voice Upstream Downstream
No of Bits

16 64

7 31 32 255
15

0 4 25 138 139 1104

69 kHz 276 kHz
Frequency (KHz)
Upstream Downstream
Pilot Tone Pilot Tone
May 30, 2011 30
 ADSL DMT Modulation

dB Voice Upstream Downstream

15 Signal to
noise ratio
No of Bits

Downstream

0 4 25 138 139 1104

Frequency (KHz)

May 30, 2011 31

 ADSL2+ DMT Modulation

ADSL2+ Doubles the bandwidth used to

Carry data

Voice Upstream Downstream

No of Bits

ADSL2+

7 31 32 255 512
15

ADSL/ADSL2

0 4
0.14MHz 1.1MHz 2.2MHz
Frequency

May 30, 2011 32

 ADSL 2/2+

ADSL 2/2+ are further improvement over

ADSL and provide greater download speed
and better range.
Due to better modulation efficiency, more
download speed is possible.
ADSL 2/2+ can re-synchronize on line at
different speed without interrupting the
communication if SNR changes due to
external interference. This is not possible
with ADSL.
When no communication is taking place
ADSL2/2+ can go in sleep/power saving
mode and come back to live mode
automatically when data transmission
starts.

May 30, 2011 33

NIB-II Broadband DSL Deployment

MPLS Core Network

SSSS
Core
FE router NOTE: Items indicated in dotted
•
Broadband GigE line boxes are not part of Project 2.2
FE RAS
GigE • Content
BB Server
•
GigE ADM ADM
FE FE
GigE ADM SDH RING
Tier1 Layer2 ADM B1 city ADM
Tier2 LAN
Gig E GigE Aggregation B2 city
Switch KM Gig E & FE Switch FE FE
x 40 re
Ma k Fib
r
Da From MDF
FE FE FE
Max 10/20 KM GE 240 Port
48 Port 24 Port
Dark fiber DSLAM 120 Port
DSLAM DSLAM
DSLAM 64 Port
480 Port DSLAM
DSLAM ADSL
ADSL
terminals ADSL terminals ADSL
terminals
ADSL
terminals Splitter
May 30, 2011 34
 DSL Deployment : MDF Wiring

Ex Side Line Side

MDF Normal Line
Telco Switch
Normal Line
DSL Line

Normal Line

Normal Line
DSL Line

DSL Line
Normal Line

POTS Line

GE/FE
Internet DSLAM

May 30, 2011 35

 ADSL Deployment Today

Home/Office Curb Central Office

ADSL
CPE
ADSL up to 5Km
Data switch
Splitter
SHDSL (PAM16) up to 5Km DSLAM
SHDSL
L I T TERS
SP

Voice Switch

May 30, 2011 36

DSL Technologies Evolution of Network

Home/Office Curb Central Office

ADSL
CPE
ADSL up to 5Km
Splitter
SHDSL (PAM16) up to 10Km DSLAM
POTS
SHDSL
VoDSL
MSAP
IAD 4-wire
L I T TERS
SHDSL SP
VOICE
IP Phone
Voice Switch
Splitter OLT
POTS ONU Fiber
VDSL up
S
VDSL to 1.5Km TTER
IP Phone SPLI
IAD Multicast

TV
Fiber
 DSL BROADBAND
DEPLOYMENT
Core
FE router
SSSS
FE Broadband GigE
Gig RAS
• Content
E BB • Server
GigE
FE FE
Layer 2 GigE
GigE Aggregation
SDH RING
SW B1 city B2 city
gE
Gi
LAN Switch
Gig E & FE

FE
FE FE
GE 48 Port 24 Port
DSLAM DSLAM
480 Port 240 Port 120 Port 64 Port
DSLAM DSLAM DSLAM DSLAM

ADSL
ADSL ADSL
terminals ADSL terminals
terminals terminals
May 30, 2011 38
THANK YOU