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It can be;
1. Nominal: Variables with no inherent order or
ranking sequence, e.g. numbers used as names
(group 1, group 2...), gender, etc.
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
Victory College, Faculty of Health Science, Department of
Public Health Officer, Biostatistics Lecture Note Prepared By
8/12/2010 38
Minlikalew D. (B.Sc.)
Cont…d
Summary of each measurement scale
under consideration, 0 5
Number of persons 1 10
represents the
2 2
frequency, and the
whole distribution is 4 23
called simple frequency 5 5
distribution.
7 5
Total 230
K=1+3.322(log275)
K= 1+3.322(2.433)=9
K = 1 + 3.322(logn)
I. Two-way table:
Shows two variables/
Source: Mikael A. et al Tetanus Toxoid immunization coverage among women of child bearing age in Assendabo town; Bulletin of JIHS, 1996, 7(1): 13-20
characteristics and
is formed when
either the caption or
the stub is divided
into two or more
parts.
When it is desired to
represent three or more
characteristics/variables
in a single table.
500
40
400 35
300 30
200 25
No of women
100 Std. Dev = 6.13 20
Mean = 27.6
0 N = 2087.00 15
15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0 45.0 50.0 55.0
10
N1AGEMOTH
5
0
12 17 22 27 32 37 42 47
i =1
∑x i
b) Grouped data n .
x =
In calculating the mean from grouped data, we assume that all
values falling into a particular class interval are located at the
mid-point of the interval. It is calculated as follows:
∑m f
i=1
i i
x= k
∑f i=1
i
where,
k = the number of class intervals.
mi = the mid-point of the ith class interval.
fi = the frequency of the ith class interval.
10-19 14.5 4 4
20-29 24.5 66 70
30-39 34.5 47 117
40-49 44.5 36 153
50-59 54.5 12 165
60-69 64.5 4 169
Total 169
25-35 30 40 1200 70
Find
75-85 mean, median,
80 and mode.
10 800 400
Example –
– Data values: 5, 9, 12, 16, 23, 34, 37, 42
– Range = 42-5 = 37
∑ i
(x − x) 2
S = 2 i=1
n -1