DENTAL CEMENTS

Applications of Dental Cements:

Cementing agent for permanent restorations. Temporary restorations. Liners and bases. Cementing agents for orthodontic appliances. Periodontal dressing. Root canal fillers and sealers. Pulp capping agents. Anterior restorations.
2007/2008

Requirement of Dental Cements

Adequate mechanical properties. Non-irritating & non-toxic. Insoluble. Insulating the pulp from thermal, electrical and chemical irritants. Adhesive properties. Esthetic properties. Easy to manipulate.
2007/2008

Types of Dental Cements:

1- Cements based on Zinc Oxide. 2- Cements based on Alumino Silicate Glasses ( Ion leachable glasses ).
3- Other cements:  Resin cements.  Calcium Hydroxide cements.  Cavity liners and Varnishes.

2007/2008

1- Cements based on Zinc Oxide

Zinc Oxide

Eugenol

Phosphoric acid

Polyacrylic acid

Zinc oxide eugenol cement Zinc phosphate cement

2007/2008

Zinc polycarboxylate cement

2- Cements based on Alumino Silicate Glasses.

Alumino-Slicate Glass

Phosphoric acid

Polyacrylic acid

Slicate cements
2007/2008

Glass-ionomer cements

Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement .

Composition

Powder
-Zinc Oxide 69.0% . -Magnesium Oxide 10% . -White Rosin 29.3% - Zinc Stearate 1.0% -zinc Acetate 0.7%.
2007/2008

Liquid
-Eugenol 85.0% -Olive Oil 15.0%

Properties of ZOE:
1- Working and Setting time. 2- Film thickness. 3- Solubility and disintegration. 4- Strength. 5- Biological properties. 6- Bonding to enamel and dentin.
2007/2008

Modified Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cements.

1- Polymer reinforced cement (Resin bonded cement).
Powder : 80% Zinc oxide . 20%Polymethyl methacrylate. Liquid : 10% polystyrene dissolved in eugenol .
2007/2008

Modified Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cements 2- E.B.A.cement.

Powder : 70% Zinc oxide 30% Alumina . Liquid : 37.5%Eugenol. 62.5%Ethoxy benzoic acid .
2007/2008

Zinc Oxide Eugenol Cement .

Uses :
1- Temporary filling. 2- Temporary luting agent . 3- Insulating base . 4- Root canal sealer. 5- Periodontal and surgical dressing. 6- Permanent cementation. 7-Gingival tissue pack.
2007/2008

Zinc Phosphate Cement.

Composition
Powder
-Zinc Oxide (ZnO) 90% . -Magnesium Oxide (MgO) 10%. -Silicon dioxide (SiO2) 1.4%. -Bismuth trioxide (Bi2O3) 0.1%. .
2007/2008

Liquid
-Orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) 40 %. -Aluminum and Zinc oxide. - Water (H2O) 33%.

Setting Reaction of Zinc Phosphate Cement.

ZnO+2H3PO4 Zn(H2PO4) +H2O

2007/2008

Manipulative variables:
The heat of reaction is most effectively dissipated when the cement is mixed over large area of cooled glass slab.

2007/2008

Manipulative variables:
Initially mix small amounts of powder with the liquid, then larger amount is incorporated,and finally smaller amounts are incorporated..desired consistency. The liquid is kept in a tightly closed bottle .

2007/2008

Properties of Zinc Phosphate Cement: 1-Viscosity. 2-Consistency and film thickness. 3-Strength. 4- Solubility. 5-Bonding. 6-Thermal and electrical conductivity . 7-Biological properties.
2007/2008

Consistency and film thickness

Then consistency ( Inlay seating consistency).25m.
Particle size of the powder.  Powder to liquid ratio.  Pressure applied during seating.


Thick Consistency ( Cement base)

2007/2008

Zinc Phosphate Cement

Uses: 1- Luting agent. 2- Insulating base. 3- Temporary filling material.

2007/2008

Zinc Phosphate Cement Advantages:

Easy to mix. Sufficient mixing and working time. High compressive strength.

Disadvantages:
Irritant to the pulp. Brittle. No adhesive qualities (mechanical interlocking) Susceptibility to acid attack.

2007/2008

Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement (Zinc Polyacrylate Cement)

Composition

Powder
-Zinc Oxide. -Magnesium Oxide. -Alumina, Silica, Fluoride & Stainless steel fibers.

Liquid
-Polyacrylic acid. -Sodium hydroxide. -Tartaric acid .

2007/2008

Setting Reaction of Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement

ZnO + Polyacrylic Acid Zinc polacrylate+ ZnO

2007/2008

Manipulation:
The proper powder /liquid ratio mixed on paper bad (1:1 or 2:1) Dispensing of the liquid should be done immediately before mixing. Cooled glass slap to extend working time. The consistency of the mix is creamy .
2007/2008

Manipulation:
The Viscosity decreases as the shear rate increase,i.e.the flow increases as the spatulation increases Should be used only as long as it still has a glossy surface.

2007/2008

Zinc Polycarboxylate Cement

Uses :
Cementation of crowns and inlays. Base under restorations .

2007/2008

Properties of Zinc Polyacrylate Cements:

1-Film thickness. 2-Strength. 3-Solubility and disintegration. 4- Bonding. 5-Biological properties.

2007/2008

Glass Ionomer Cement

Composition Powder -Calcium fluoroalumino silicate glass . -Barium glass or zinc oxide.
2007/2008

Liquid -Polyacrylic acid copolymer with itaconic, maleic, or tricarboxylic acid. - Tartaric acid.

Setting Reaction of Glass Ionomer Cement:

 Dissolution .  Gelation  Hydration

2007/2008

Unreacted glass particles. Silica hydrogel sheath . Amorphous matrix of crossLinked polysalt hydrogel of Ca++&Al+++.

The structure of the set GIC

2007/2008

Types of GIC :
Type I :


Luting cement for crowns and inlays. Restorative material Liner or base material.

Type II :


Type III :


2007/2008

Manipulation:
The proper powder/liquid ratio is dispensed onto paper pad or glass slab,mixed for30-60 sec. Encapsulated products are mixed for 10 sec.in mechanical mixer. An extension of the working time to 9 minutes can be achieved by mixing on a cold slab. The cement should not be used once a skin forms on the surface or when the viscosity increases noticeably.
2007/2008

Manipulation:
Once the cement has achieved its initial set (about 7 minutes), the cement should be coated with the coating agent supplied with the cement.

2007/2008

Properties of GIC:
1- Working and setting time. 2- Mechanical properties: 3- film thickness. 4- solubility and disintegration . 5-Bonding. 6-Fluoride release. 7- Biological properties.
2007/2008

Glass Ionomer Cement

Advantages
 Adhesion to tooth

Disadvantages
 Technique sensetive  Moisture sensitivity.  Short working time

structure.  Biocompatibility.  High compressive strength.  Low solubility.

and long setting time.  Low abrasion resistance.  Brittlness.

2007/2008

Modification of GIC :
A. Metal Reinforced GIC .
1. Silver alloy admix.
2. Cermet cement.

B. Hybrid Ionomer (Resin-Modified GIC)

 

Dual cure . Tricure .

C. Compomer (Polyacid modified resin

composite materials ).
2007/2008

Properties of ResinModified GIC :

1. Superior mechanical properties. 2. Better optical properties. 3. Prolonged working time and rapid set. 4. Adhesion to tooth structure. 5. Less moisture sensitivity. 6. Polymerization shrinkage. 7. Microleakage.
2007/2008

Applications of ResinModified GIC :

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) Restoration. Liners and bases. Fissure sealants. Core buld up. Cementation of orthodontic brackets. Retrograde root filling material.

2007/2008

Resin Cements

2007/2008

Types of resin-based cements

Self cure or auto-cure resin cements. Light cure resin cements. Dual-cure resin cements.
2007/2008

Properties:
Insoluble in oral fluids. 2. Low viscosity. 3. Then film thickness (<25m). 4. Easily manipulated. 5. Early setting. 6. Good bond strength to dentin. 7. Radiopacity. 8. High wear resistance. 9. Low polymerization shrinkage. 10. Biological compatibility. 2007/2008
1.

Applications:
Resin-bonded bridges. All-ceramic crowns. Ceramic inlays and onlays. Composite inlays and onlays. Orthodontic ceramic brackets. Porcelain laminate veneers. Porcelain repair. Metal base denture. Implants. Endodontic posts.
2007/2008

Calcium Hydroxide Cements

Presentation:
 Calcium

Hydroxide Suspension.  Two-paste system (chemically cured).  One-paste system (light cured).

2007/2008

Calcium Hydroxide Cements

Paste 1
Calcium hydroxide. Zinc oxide . Zinc stearate.. Ethyl toluene sulphonamide.
2007/2008

Paste 2
Glycol salicylate. Titanium dioxide. Calcium sulphate. Calcium tungstate.

Properties of Calcium Hydroxide:

The freshly mixed cement is alkaline with a pH of 11-12 . Compressive strength, tensile strength and elastic modulus are low. Highly soluble.
2007/2008

Cavity Liners and Varnishes :

Cavity Liner :
 Suspension

of calcium hydroxide and some zinc oxide in a solution of natural or synthetic resin .

2007/2008

Cavity Varnishes and Liners:

Cavity Varnish:
 Solution

of natural gum(copal) ,rosin, or synthetic resin dissolved in an organic solvent such as acetone, chloroform or ether.

2007/2008

Applications :
To seal the dentinal tubules and prevent penetration of chemicals into the pulp. To act as a temporary protection against the loss of constituents from the surface of a filling material. To seal the dentinal tubules under amalgam restorations and prevent penetration of metallic ions and corrosion products into enamel and dentin.
2007/2008

ZOE ZOE ZOE

Effect on pulp - pH Not irritant7 Not irritant7 Not irritant7 Irritant 1.5-.3.5 Less irritant

Solubility Highly soluble soluble soluble

Strength 15 38 90

Film Thickness Adhesion to tooth 40 m mechanical 40 m 40 m mechanical mechanical

Zinc phosphate Zinc polycarboxylate Glass Ionomer Resin cements

0.3 % Less 100-135 soluble 5 MPa 1. 0.2 % 90 MPa 15 MPa 0.3 % insoluble 100-135 5 MPa

25 m 25 40 m

mechanical Chemical

Less irritant irritant

25 m 25 m

Chemical bond

Calcium Not irritanthydroxide 12 Cavity varnishes

weak

Liner liner