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Fetal Circulation
Objectives
At the end of this session, student should be able to; 1. define key terms. 2. identify fundamental structures of fetal circulation. 3. describe the mechanism of fetal circulation. 4. describe the immediate changes to the fetal circulatory structures after birth.
Introduction
Placenta + umbilical cord + Fetal Heart
Placenta
y thick and disc shaped. y 2 surfaces: fetal / maternal surface. y weight: 1/6 baby s weight at birth. y functions: nutrition / protection/
metabolic/endocrine/respiration.
Umbilical Cord
y cushioned by Wharton s Jelly. y made of 2 arteries and 1 vein. y central insertion- normal. y inch diameter , average length 2
Umbilical Cord
Arteries
which allows the majority of blood entering from the IVC (right atrium) to pass across into the left atrium. The reason for this diversion is that the blood does not need to pass through the lungs since it is already oxygenated.
pulmonary artery to the descending aorta, entering it just beyond the point where the subclavian and carotid arteries leave.
5.
Hypogastric Arteries.
arteries and become the umbilical arteries when they enter the umbilical cord. They return blood to the placenta.
over the foramen ovale, which separates the two sides of the heart and stops the blood flowing from the right to left. The cessation of the placental circulation results in the collapse of the umbilical vein, ductus venosus and the hypogastric arteries.
y Umbilical vein becomes ligamentum teres y Ductus Venosus y Ductus arteriosus y foramen ovale
y hypogastric arteries
Amniotic Fluid
Function
y cushion against impact from maternal
abdomen. y provide a stable temperature. y allows development of fetus. y keeps membranes from adhering to fetal parts. y provides room for fetal movement.
1000 mls.
Review Objectives
1. define key terms.
identify fundamental structures of fetal circulation. 3. describe the mechanism of fetal circulation. 4. describe the immediate changes to the fetal circulatory structures.
2.