Take up the White Man's burden-burden-The savage wars of peace-peace-Fill full the mouth of Famine, And bid the

sickness cease; And when your goal is nearest (The end for others sought) Watch sloth and heathen folly Bring all your hope to naught. - Rudyard Kipling from The White Man's Burden
Q-Why would the white man show pride? A-He thinks he s superior. Q-Who does Kipling thinks profits from Imperialism? A-The Subject people. Q-Who really profits? Is it both? Explain.

Building Overseas Empires Imperialism

 Imperialism-The Imperialism-

domination of one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country of region.  Why did this happen?  1. Science and Technology  2. Industry, transportation, communication  3. The west would dominate the world with these advantages.

Motives that Drive Imperialism

        

1. Industrial Revolution creates needs and desires that spur overseas expansion. a. Natural Resources (Rubber, petroleum, manganese (steel), palm oil (to run machinery) b. New markets to sell goods c. Bankers sought to invest d. Growing population 2. Political and Military Motives a. Naval Bases (expansion), coal, supplies b. Nationalism (seizure of territory would spur other nations to one up each other) c. Colonies needed for security to increase PrestigePrestige-the power to impress or influence because of success or wealth.

Humanitarian and Religious Goals



    

3. Westerners felt a duty to spread the blessings of Western Civilization medicine, law and Christianity. 4. Social Darwinism a. Racial Superiority (white mans burden) b. Result (Many non-westerners nonrobbed of their culture. Q-What factors contributed to European Imperialism in the 1800s? A-economic motives, political and military, missionaries, humanitarian and religious beliefs, and Social Darwinist ideas.

Spread of Western Imperialism

  

     

1. 1870-1914-Imperialist nations 1870-1914controlled much of the world. a. Soldiers, merchants, settlers, missionaries and explorers. b. In Europe expansion found favor with all the classes (making money) 2. Weakness of Non-western Nonstates. a. Older Civilizations in decline b. Ottoman (Middle East) c. Mughal (India) d. Qing (China) e. Africa (slave trade and devastating wars.

Western Advantages
     

1. Strong economies 2. Well Organized Govt. 3. Powerful Military 4. Superior Tech a. Telegraph, medicine, machine gun, steam warships Some cultures tried to resist, but were severely overmatched, Nationalist movements would eventually develop (ex. India) Q-How did Western Imperialism spread through Africa and Asia so Quickly? A-Westerners had stronger economies, governments and technology as well as necessary manpower.

Forms of Imperial Rule

    

 

 

Direct Rule (French) a. sending officials and soldiers to administer their colonies. Indirect Rule (British) a. Use of Sultans, chiefs, and other local rulers. b. British encouraged the children of officials to be educated in Britain (grooming Westernization) Protectorate a. Local rulers left in place, but were expected to follow the advice of European advisors. Sphere of Influence a. area in which an outside power claimed exclusive investment or trading privileges.

The ScrambleNorth Africa for Colonies  1.

    

  

 

a. Sahara Desert b. Fertile land along the Mediterranean c. still part of the declining Ottoman Empire. 2. West Africa Islamic rule rose up against European oppressors and had a successful trading empire. 3. East Africa Islamic Influence exported slaves from the interior to the coast to be taken to the Middle East. 4. Southern Africa Zulu s became a major force (leader Shaka commanded a force of 404050,000 men.

Effects South Africa

  

Mass migration away from Zulu s wars cause confusion and disillusion Boers descendents of the Dutch fought against British colonization and rules. Boers Great Trek- mass Trekmigration to escape British rule, the Boers would fight the Zulu s and eventually defeat them.

Review Questions
     

Q-What effects did Islam have in Africa? A-Brought strong governments, higher literacy, peace, and trade. Q-What were the two main forces of change in Africa before Imperialism? A-Slave trade, Zulu conquest, Spread of Islam, Decline of the Ottoman Empire. Q-What factors shaped each of the main regions of Africa during the early 1800s? A-In Muslim North Africa, the Ottoman Empire was declining. In West Africa, new Muslim leaders and strong kingdoms like the Asante held power. In East Africa the slave trade continued. In South Africa, Zulu s and Boers battled for control.

European Conquest


 

1500 s-1700 s Europeans straded and exploited the coast, but not the Interior, Why? A-Difficult Geography, disease, steamships and improved medical technology. Push to the Interior Explorers (Mungo Park, Richard Burton) and Doctor David Livingstone. Each of these individuals mapped the interior and the rivers that led into the heart of Africa.

Explorer Missionary David Livingstone



    

1. Catholics and Protestants follow explorers to spread the good word of the Lord (Spread of Christianity) a. Built schools, medical clinics b. Focused on fighting the evils of the slave trade. c. Paternalistic view of Africa (White Mans Burden) 2. Dr. David Livingstone famous European explorer who improved the everyday life of Africans (fought the slave trade and opened up the interior.)

   

     

1. a. Civilizing mission to carry the light to the barbarians of Africa. b. He actually dreamed of riches and conquest. 2. Britain, France and Germany all pressed rival claims for Africa and other areas. a. Berlin Conference to split up the continent (refer to page 293). The Meeting took place in Berlin with no Africans invited. Q-Why were missionaries and explorers held in high regard by Europeans? A-They had noble missions to pursue science and spread civilization to savages. Q-Why did countries want to control certain areas? A-Proximity to ports and trade routes. Q-What did the biggest land grabbers have in common? A-The were the most highly Industrialized Nations.

The Belgium Scramble for Colonies King Leopold of

Resisting Imperialism


    

1. Ethiopia-ancient EthiopiaChristian Kingdom resists and maintains its Independence. a. Menelik II began to modernize. b. Built Roads, Bridges c. Westernized Schools d. Imported the latest weapons and technology e. Fought the Italians and won preserving its Independence.

In a short response essay analyze what is going on in the Political Cartoon. 10 minutes

European Claims in Muslim Regions

 1.

Muslim Lands (West Africa to Southeast Asia)  3 Muslim Empires  Ottomans, Safavids, Mughals all in decline by the 1700s (same reasons as usual)  Corruption, local rulers gained power, spread of Western Ideas.

Europe Makes their Presence felt

Rise of Muslim Reform Movements

  

 

1. Stress Religious Piety 2. Strict rules of behavior 3. Muhammad Ahmad (Sudan) (Mahdi) Savior of the faith/ resisted British expansion. 4. Wahhabi (Arabia) wanted to recapture the purity and faith of Muhammads original teachings. 5. Threats of Western European Expansion. Europeans enjoyed special rights, the west was more powerful so it was able to protect these rights.

Ottoman Problems
     

  

1. Interior (Pashas, local provincial rulers) 2. Nationalist revolts (ideas spreading from the west) 3. Ottomans would silence the uprisings. 4. Egypt first to break away. 5. Europeans states tries to take advantage of Ottoman weakness. 6. France, Russia, Britain start grabbing Ottoman territory. (ports, trade routes) 7. Berlin to Baghdad Railway. 8. Westernizing thoughts, ideas, and methods. a. tax collection, railroads, education, modern military, medical care, farming methods

Review Questions
Q-How was Western Imperialism a source of stress in the Muslim Regions of the World?  A-Europeans gained better trading terms, demanded special treatment, and interfered in local control.  Q-Why would the Ottomans have agreed to have the Germans build a railway?  A-They did not have the technology or the capital to build it themselves.


Young Turks
 

Liberal movement to overthrow the Sultan, but WWI intterupted the movement. Armenian Genocide (delibrate attempt to destroy a racial, political or cultural group) Nationalism ignited new tensions. 1. Armenians (Christian group accused of supporting Russians against the Ottomans) 2. Armenian would Protest and be dealt with extreme prejudice (many killed) 3. 25 years, 600,000 to 1.5 million killed or died of starvation

Egypt Modernizes
    

Muhammad Ali seized power 1805 after Napolean s invasion. Father of Modern Egypt. 1. Introduced reforms, trade, govt, politics. 2. Conquered Neighboring lands 3. Building of the Suez Canal (pg 301) would connect the Mediterranean and Red Sea meaning that European ships no longer had to sail around the tip of Africa, it shortened trade and travel, thus making it possible to make more money!!!!! 4. Egypt couldn t afford to pay and the Brits step in and after Nationalistic Revolution they make them a protectorate.

Review ? s
 Q-How

did Egypt fall under British control?  A-Brits gained an economic foothold, and then Nationalists revolted, Brits made Egypt a protectorate.  Q-How did Persia attract foreign interest in the early 1900 s?
 A-

Armenian Genocide by the Turks.

Oil!!!!!!!

The British Take Over India

   

 

  

1. East India Company controlled 3/5 s of India 2. Mughal power in decline British use Indian diversity against them. a. languages, cultures, competition, disharmony among the diverse Indian people. 3. Implementing British Policies. a. Goals, Make money, improve roads, railroads preserver peace to stimulate trade. b. Introduce Western education. c. Conversion to Christianity (White mans burden) d. British worked to end slavery and the caste system as well improve the status of women.

Flag of East India Trading Company

Discontent
 

  

Hindus felt that Christianity was undermining there religion. Sepoy Troops (cheap answer to send overseas non-native British, nonconflicting loyalty) Rifle ammo greased with animal fat, Hindus couldn t touch them and when they refused, were jailed. Sepoy Rebellion-Sought to Rebellionreestablish Hindu rule and Brutally massacred many British. British crushed revolt and slaughtered thousands of Indians. Sepoy Rebellion left bitterness and hatred on both sides. Change of rule, British took direct control away from East India Company Indians felt exploited even more

Review Questions
     

Q-How did the British exploit Indian diversity? A-They played different princes and people against each other. Q-What changes did the East India Company bring to India? A-Improved roads, peace, western education, pushed for social change. Q-How could the Sepoy Rebellion be interpreted as resulting from British feelings of superiority? A-Brits didn t take into account sepoys religious practice, did not regard them as equal in any way.

      

1. Viceroy ruled in the name of the Queen. 2. British Officials held top positions in govt. and civil service. 3. Brightest Jewel in the British Crown. 4. Brits saw India as both a market and a source of raw materials 5. Built roads, railways, telegraphs 6. Trade flourished especially with the opening of the Suez Canal. 7. Flooded India with factory made textiles ruining Indian home cloth production

Impact of Colonial Rule (British Raj)

Population Growth and Famine



       

Improved medical, farming methods, and health care led to population growth. Led to problem with food production. Led to famine. Benefits 1. Peace 2. Revised legal system (women caste) 3. Railroads (trade) 4. Telegraph 5. Western education

Different Views on Culture

 

  

1. Upper class wanted to Westernize 2. Other classes wanted traditional Hindu and Muslim culture. 3. Some like Ram Mohun Roy tried to combine. Western Attitude 1. Most Brits felt superior and knew little about Indian achievement and culture. Indian National Congress looked to eventual Indian selfself-rule Muslim and Hindus at first worked together, but were soon at odds.

China Section 5

China and New Imperialism

             

Tilting the balance of trade. Balance of Trade difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports Prior 1800s 1. Chinese rulers had strict limits on trade. 2. European traders restricted to small areas in South China. 3. China exports a. silk, porcelain, tea b. exchanged gold, silver 4. China enjoyed (trade surplus) 5. Exported more than they imported. 6. Westerner s (trade deficit) Change would occur Industrial Revolution and a need for expanded market. Western superior power.

The Opium War

 

   

1. Brits making big profits trading opium grown in India for Chinese tea. 2. Many Chinese became addicted to drugs. 3. Silver flowed out in payment for a drug that disrupted the economy and ruined peoples lives. 4. Chinese outlawed Opium and requested that the British stop (they refused) 1842 Treaty of Nanging a. Indemnity-payment for Indemnitylosses in war. b. Brits gained Hong Kong c. Brits enjoyed extraterritoriality Rights (live by their own laws and tried in their own courts.

             

1. Qing Dynasty in decline. 2. Widespread corruption and population explosion 3. Peasant Rebellion (Taiping Rebellion) 1850-64 18504. Almost topple the Qing Dynasty Reform 1. Division Pro-West, Traditional ProBritish Industry (west) Money from land (trad) 2. Challenge to traditional Confucian values. 3. Saw western ideas and tech as dangerous. 4. Self Strengthening Movement a. Imported tech, weapons b. set up factories shipyards c. govt not behind the SSM (CiXi and her traditional Confucian ideas held sway.

Taiping Rebellion

Spheres of Influence


    

Western Powers took advantage of Chinese weakness. 1. Brits took Chang River Valley 2. French-Indochina French3. Germany/Russia Northern China 4. U.S. worried that European powers might shut out American trade. 5. Called for Policy of Opium Trade (Open Door Policy) no one consulted the Chinese.

Hundred Days Reform

 1.

Guang Xu set out to modernize China.  2. Govt, civil service, new industry.  3. Schools, military, overall Bureaucracy  Conservatives reasserted control and reformers fled the country.

The Qing Dynasty Falls



        

China in turmoil, anger against Christians and all the foreigners who didn t respect Chinese. 1. Boxer Uprising- Anti-foreign Uprising- Antifeelings a. Goal (drive out foreign devils) 2. Western Powers/Japan formed alliance to crush the boxers. Aftermath and Concessions Chinese conservatives forced to support westernization. a. admitted women to school b. stressed science and math over confusianism expanded economically Chinese business class developed

Three Principles of the People

         

1. Although Boxer Rebellion failed the flames of Chinese Nationalism spread. 2. Reformers wanted to strengthen the govt. Introduced a Constitutional Monarchy. Sun Yixian organized the Revolutionary Alliance. #1Nationalism #2 Democracy #3 Livelihood/security Birth of A Republic 1. 2 year old inherited throne 2. China slips into chaos 3. Sun Yixian named President of New Chinese Republic 4. In Constant chaos and fights occurring within and outside.

Review Questions
   

     

Q-How did British Trade with China trigger the Opium Wars? A-Brits introduced Opium and when the Chinese tried to stop trade, Brits responded with Gun Boats and threats. Q-How did the Taipin Rebellion and other internal problems weaken the Qing Dynasty? A- Years of turmoil, as well as power given to regional leaders, weakened the Qing dynasty and made China vulnerable to European encroachment. Q-Who won the first Sino-Japanese War? SinoA-Japanese won due to modern army Q-How did reformers try to solve China s internal problems? A-Modernize, incorporate western tech, build industry, streamline govt. Q-What caused the Qing dynasty to fall? A-Boxer Rebellion led to greater Westernization, which led to Nationalism, which combined with discontent and a weak emperor (two year old) to topple the dynasty.