Management

Information System Systems Approach & its components

SUBMITTED TO :MR . CHOUDHARY
06/25/11

COMPILED BY :VIKAS PANDITA , VIKRAM SINGH , MUKESH SHARMA , BHARAT BHUSHAN , PRADEEP 1 KUMAR

CONTENTS
vSystem approach vObject-oriented design vValue and Cost of Information System vLevels of decision making vData capture vData quality
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SYSTEMS APPROACH
The systems approach considers two basic components: elements and processes. ELEMENTS are measurable things that can be linked together. They are also called objects, events, patterns, or structures. PROCESSES change elements from one form to another. They may also be called activities, relations, or functions.

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The systems approach is a problem-solving method which helps to:

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Define the problem as clearly as possible. Analyze the problem and identify alternative solutions. Select from the alternatives and develop the most viable solution mix. Implement and test the solution. Evaluate the effectiveness and worth of the solution.

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Systems Approach Diagram

Decision Pyramid

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OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN
Object-oriented design is the process of planning a system of interacting objects for the purpose of solving a software problem. It is one approach to software design. Object-oriented design is the discipline of defining the objects and their interactions to solve a problem that was identified and documented during object-oriented analysis.

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Object-oriented concepts
The five basic concepts of object-oriented design are often referred to by these common names: Object/Class: A tight coupling or association of data structures with the methods or functions that act on the data. This is called a class, or object (an object is created based on a class). Each object serves a separate function.

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vInformation hiding: The ability to protect some components of the object from external entities. This is realized by language keywords to enable a variable to be declared as private or protected to the owning class. vInheritance: The ability for a class to extend or override functionality of another class. The so-called subclass has a whole section that is derived (inherited) from the super class and then it has its own set of functions and data. vInterface: The ability to defer the implementation of a method. The ability to define the functions or methods signatures without implementing them. vPolymorphism: The ability to replace an object with its sub objects. The ability of an object-variable to contain, not only that object, but also all of its sub objects.

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VALUE AND COST OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

For information to have value it should result in:
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Reducing unnecessary cost Eliminating losses Adopting better marketing strategies Increasing sales Better use of resources
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Cost of information
Designing and setting up the system
System design Testing Cost of equipment Installation Training
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Day to day running costs

Staff salaries Supplies (paper, disks) Other expenses

Storage costs

Hardware costs Space cost Retrieval costs

Benefits Of Proposed Information System

Reduction in staff costs and other operating costs Increase in sales revenue Better stock control Savings in staff time Greater customer satisfaction Better decision-making

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LEVELS OF DECISION MAKING

Decisions are made at different levels in an organization's hierarchy: Strategic decisions: are long-term in their
impact. They affect and shape the direction of the whole business. They are generally made by senior managers. Example: The managers of the bakery need to take a strategic decision about whether to remain in the caf business.
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Tactical decisions:
strategy. They management. are

help to implement the usually made by middle

For the caf, a tactical decision would be whether to open earlier in the morning or on Saturday to attract new customers.

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Operational decisions:

relate to the dayto-day running of the business. They are mainly routine and may be taken by middle or junior managers. Example: A simple operational decision for the caf would be whether to order more coffee for next week. Stock and sales data will show when it needs to order more supplies.

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WHAT IS DATA CAPTURE?

Data input can happen in several ways. One way is as the result of data entry. Data capture is a kind of data input in which there is no data entry. One of the devices involved in data capture includes supermarket checkouts equipped with barcode readers. Barcode readers are electronic devices that use a laser beam to scan a barcode. These readers are categorized as non-contact automatic data capture devices.

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DATA QUALITY
Data quality is the reliability and effectiveness of data, particularly in a data warehouse. Data quality is affected by the way data is entered, stored and managed. Data quality assurance (DQA) is the process of verifying the reliability and effectiveness of data. Maintaining data quality requires going through the data periodically and scrubbing it.

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There are several well-known authors and self-styled experts, with Larry English perhaps the most popular guru. In addition, the International Association for Information and Data Quality (IAIDQ) was established in 2004 to provide a focal point for professionals and researchers in this field. ISO 8000 is the international standard for data quality.

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ou y nk ha T
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Have a nice day!!!!!!!!!

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