By: Anamika Abhinav Ankita Poonam Deepak Piyush

A press release is a written or recorded communication directed at members of the news media for the purpose of announcing something claimed as having news value.

The use of press release

y use of a press release is common in the field of public

relations y A press release provides reporters with the basics they need to develop a news story. y Press releases can announce a range of news items such as: scheduled events, personal promotions, awards, news products and services, sales and other financial data, accomplishments, etc.

y . Some of these common structural elements include:

used to grab the attention of journalists and briefly summarize the news. y Dateline contains the release date and usually the originating city of the press release. y Introduction first paragraph in a press release, that generally gives basic answers to the questions of who, what, when, where and why. y Body further explanation, statistics, background, or other details relevant to the news.
y Headline

y Media contact information

name, phone number, email address, mailing address, or other contact information for the PR or other media relations contact person.

Notice
y It is a written form of information in which all the

required information must be given in a simple , consise and attractive manner so that people can read it. y The idea of writing a notice is to draw attention to something or some event that would take place y The notice must state the place , day and time of the meeting.

y It should contain the matter to be discussed in

the of meeting may be personally or by post at the address entered in the record of the company. y It is generally supposed to be pinned on a wall , notice board , are a popular & effective way of reaching out to the general staff for whom they r meant.

Format of notice
TIVOLI CLUB ALPHA _ GREATER NOIDA Would all member of this club who would like to attend the 31st December. celebration with dinner on Thursday 31 dec , please sign their names below and also indicate the number of guest they wish to bring. P.K . Ahuja 26th december 09 Name .. .. .. No of guest .. . ..

Press conference
y The purpose of a press conference is to convene the

media, release new information to them, to highlight an upcoming action. y Generally, there are two types of press conferences reactive and proactive. y Reactive press conferences respond to breaking news, and proactive ones are done at your initiative to create or announce a story.

y The best time to hold a press conference is between

10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. y The best days to hold a press conference are Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday (the earlier the better!). Fridays tend to be poor news days because the story will end up in Saturday's paper, which has the lowest circulation.

y The Event y On the day of the event: y You should arrive about one hour early to check the

room. y Have all your speakers arrive early so they can be briefed on the agenda, review their talking points and go over possible questions from reporters. y Start the press conference on time and keep the agenda portion short and to the point (30 to 45 minutes). Allow ample time for questions and answers.

MAILSHOTS
y These are those letter s /cards/pamphlets, which are

used by any organization, to reach out to a very large number of potential customer s and sometimes to the employees as well. y These letter s are addressed to those particular kind of customers whose addresses are found with the help of the directories or professional associations.

Characteristics of Mail shots

y They are always sent through the normal postal

channel. y All the mail shots are very persuasively drafted. y They are generally accompanied with reply coupons and self-addressed ,postage-paid envelops. y The type of ,form ,layout and language of mail shots will entirely depend upon the kinds of customer s and the market they are aimed at.

REPLY COUPONS
y A reply coupon is a coupon that may be redeemed for

airmail postage of a standard 20 gram letter anywhere in the country. y When one writes to a stranger and requests, it is considered polite to enclose a self-addressed stamped envelope. This works well when both persons live in the same country; however, if they are from different countries, the enclosed postage stamp will not be valid.

BRITISH REPLY COUPONS

INTRODUCTION TO TELEGRAM
y Telegram now no longer bears the badge

of emergency. There are hundreds of telegrams which bring news of joy, congratulation or goodwill, or convey social messages or for business purposes. Messages in telegram must be brief and clear.

FEATURES
y 1. Receiver s address, sender s name and the

message must be written in block letters. y 2. Sentences are divided with STOP. y 3. Messages should be brief because every words counts. y Time should be written in words such as tenthirty or twenty forty five.

TELEX
y Telex is replacing letters as the fastest means of

correspondence . When a message is typed out by an operator it immediately appears on the recipient s machine. The charge for the use of telex system is based on the time an operator takes to send the messages.

Features
y 1. A telex is sent where face to face or

telephonic conversation is not possible. y 2. A telex is preferred over letters because of time and cost considerations. y 3. A major advantage of Telex is that the receipt of
the message by the recipient could be confirmed with a high degree of certainty.

FAX
y Fax Messenger is a special transaction-oriented service

that bridges the communication gap. It is fully automated, and it uses a special file - to connect the two parties seamlessly.

CONT...
y 1. Most of the organizations have their own fax

machines for quick transmission of messages. y 2. Besides messages visual material like diagrams photographs etc are easily and speedily transmitted.

INTRODUCTION OF INTERNET
y The Internet is a global system of interconnected

computer networks that use the standard technique to serve billions of users worldwide. y It is consists of millions of private and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking technologies.

USES OF INTERNET
1)INFORMATION SHARING It means both giving & receiving information in the form of files/pages. Internet is fast becoming a service where authentic information is available on any topic under the sun. 2)SENDING & RECEIVING MESSAGES(E-MAIL) The terminology used is E-mail or electronic-mail. This refers to the electronic transmission of messages, letters, documents and other materials. 3)Advertising Now a days various companies, professionals advertise through internet. Advertisements are put on different which allow advertising. The websites charge a fee for advertising on their sites.

E- Commerce
y Electronic commerce defined as the use of electric

transmission medium (telecommunication) to engage in the exchange ,including selling and buying, of the products and services requiring transportation, either physically or digitally, from location to location. y E-commerce includes retail shopping, banking, stocks and bonds trading, auctions, real estate transactions, airline booking, movie rentals nearly anything you can imagine in the real world

Advantages of E-commerce
y Increases sales, decreases cost
y Allows small businesses to have global customer base y Reduced cost through electronic sales enquires, price quotes

and order taking

y Provides purchasing opportunities for buyers

(businesses can identify new suppliers and partners) y Increase speed and accuracy for exchanged information, thus reducing cost y Business can be transacted 24hrs a day y The level of detail of purchase information is selected by user

Disadvantages of E-commerce
y Inability to sell some products (e.g. high cost jewelry

and perishable foods, although supermarkets like www.Tesco.com delivers to your home) y The newness and evolution of the current technology y Many products require a large number of people to purchase to be viable y High capital investment

B2C e-commerce
y Description y Businesses sell products or services to individual customers (consumers) y Example y Walmart.com sells merchandise to consumers through its Web site y Sells computers to individuals (B2C)

B2B E-commerce
y Description
y Businesses sell products or services to other businesses

y Example
y B2B can be open to all interested parties (e.g.

commodity exchange) y Purchases parts (e.g. hard drives, power supplies etc.) from a supplier (B2B)

y Web site
y www.grainger.com

C2C e-commerce
y Description
y

Participants in an online marketplace can buy and sell goods with each other Consumers and businesses trade with each other on eBay.com On www.eBay.com individuals buy and sell this brand of computers (C2C)

y Example
y y

y Web site
y

www.ebay.com

B2G e-commerce
y Description
y Business sell goods or services to governments and

government agencies

y Example
y Sells computers to the Government to be used in schools

(B2G)

y Web site
y www.pd.dgs.ca.gov/calbuy/default.htm

E-MAIL is simply a store and forward method of composing, sending, storing ,and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.

Structure of an
Internet email consists of two major sections.  Header  Body

Types of usage of e-mail

y Information sharing y Sending and receiving message y Advertising y Marketing

Using E-MAIL
To send an e-mail message we have to take the following steps:  log on  We choose the receiver of our message. For this step we need to know the e-mail address our recipient  Then we compose the message and write text in the message box We instruct the program to send the message

Continue.
To read our e-mail message we proceed as follows:  log on Look at the list of our new mail Choose the message we want to read Handle the current message by deleting storing, printing or replying Continue to read other messages

E-MAIL ETIQUTEE
y Answer swiftly y Do not use reply to all y Use proper structure and layout y Identify yourself and the topic y Answer all questions y Be concise y Use proper spelling ,grammar and punctuation

Contd..
y Do not write in capital y Avoid long sentences y Use active voice instead of passive voice y Read the e-mail before you send it

INVITATION TO TENDER
y Dictionaries explain the etymology as coming from

Old French tendre, which means "to offer". invitation to tender (ITT) (often called tender for short) is a special procedure for generating competing offers from different bidders looking to obtain an award of business activity in works, supply, or service contracts.

TYPES OF I TENDER

ITATION TO

y Open tenders, open calls for tenders, or

advertised tenders are open to all vendors or contractors who can guarantee performance y Restricted tenders, restricted calls for tenders or invited tenders are only open to selected prequalified vendors or contractors

Terms related to TENDER

y Double envelope system y Tender box y Security Deposits

Tender requirements
y

Tender responses should provide the information set out in the following paragraphs: y Capacity
y The nature of your organisation

The size of your organisation and its current turnover.

y Project plan: y Explain the project to minimizes the burden. y

The timescale to complete the project.

y y An outline of your capabilities to undertake the presentation roles. y

Pricing structure

There should be fixed prices for the work outlined.

y y

Prefer to pay at the end of project

Contd
y

Procedure for tender selection secure envelope provided to arrive by 1200 on Thrusday 25 March 2010.

y Six copies, including one unbound copy, of tenders should be sent to the Council in the y

The Council may invite one or more tenderers to an interview to further explain their service and how they can meet the Council s needs. Such interviews will be held at the Target Space, Centre Point, London on Tuesday 14 October 2010. y Selection criteria
y y

The contract will be awarded to the consultant(s) who demonstrates the following criteria (in no particular order):

understanding of our requirements y appropriate methodology, taking account the need to work closely other consultants if appropriate, and to establish positive and productive working relationships SAMPLE

BIDS
y The bid is essentially an offer that is made for the

acquisition of goods, services, or assets. The process of bidding takes place in a number of different settings, such as auctions and the stock market. y The stock market is an excellent example of how the bid process functions. Bids on stocks and securities help to drive the market. Investors often look for opportunities to acquire stocks that will ultimately prove to enhance the value of his or her financial portfolio.

AUCTION

AUCTION
y An auction is a process of buying and selling goods or

services by offering them up for bid, taking bids, and then selling the item to the highest bidder. In economic theory, an auction may refer to any mechanism or set of trading rules for exchange y The word "auction" is derived from the Latin aug re, which means "to increase" or "augment".

y English auction, also known as an open ascending

price auction. This type of auction is arguably the most common form of auction in use today. Participants bid openly against one another, with each subsequent bid higher than the previous bid. y Dutch auction also known as an open descending price auction. In the traditional Dutch auction the auctioneer begins with a high asking price which is lowered until some participant is willing to accept the auctioneer's price.The winning participant pays the last announced price.

SAMPLE OF AUCTION
DEPARTMENT OF PUBLIC ENTERPRISES BLOCK NO.14, CGO COMPLEX, NEW DELHI-110003 (Tel: 24360601) Dated the 8th Nov.2007. AUCTION NOTICE It is notified for general information that one Ambassador Staff Car, two N.E.-118 cars and other unserviceable items such as photocopying machine, Air Conditioners and furniture etc. belonging to this Department will be sold by public auction on Friday, the 23rd November,2007 at 11.30AM, Block No.-14, CGO Complex, New Delhi-110003. Various items will be auctioned in lots as per discretion of the Department of Public Enterprises. A list showing details of the items to be auction is enclosed. The Officers supervising the auction will reserve the right of refusing, without assigning any reason, the offer of the highest bidder if in their opinion, it is not reasonable. The highest bidder will be required to deposit the amount of his bid plus tax at the fall of the hammer (cash payment in full) immediately and will also have to take delivery of the articles immediately. The employees of the Department of Public Enterprises will not be eligible to participate in the auction. (D. Dwarakanath) UNDER SECRETARY TO THE GOVT. OF INDIA.