TIME AND MOTION STUDY

Amit Rathod & Parag Parmanand

Time and Motion study

What is Time and motion study ? - This is Business efficiency technique. Time Study Frederick M. Taylor and his follower developed and refined the Time study. Motion study Frank B. Gilbreth and his wife Lillian developed and refined the motion study

Historically two studies are discussed individually , today generally they are discussed as one.

Time & motion study

 Business Definitions The measurement and analysis of the motions or steps involved in particular task and time taken to complete each one.  An analysis of the motions used in industrial process with an aim to improve efficiency and productivity.  A method to establish the one best way to perform task

Time & motion study purpose

 To eliminate unnecessary motion at work.  Identify the best sequence of motions for maximum efficiency and productivity  Standardization of work

Time and motion study in an organization

 Historically Used in manufacturing industry to evolve pay scales  Presently performance evaluations predict the level of output that may be achieved used to uncover problems and create solutions Used for time cost analysis

Therbligs
 A Therbligs is the name for one of a set of fundamental motions required for a worker to perform a manual operation or task.  Therbligs indicate the basic body motions consisting of three parts, i) When the motion begins ii) The nature of the motion iii) When the motion ends

Therbligs steps
1. Search part of cycle during which eyes or hands are hunting for the object 2. Select Choice of one object from several 3. Grasp Taking hold on an object 4. Transport empty Moving empty hand to reach an object 5. Transport loaded Moving an object from one place to another 6. Hold Retention of object after it has been grasped 7. Release load Letting go of the object 8. Position Turning or locating an object so that it will properly oriented

Therbligs steps
9. Pre position - Turning or locating an object in predetermined place. 10. Inspect Examining object for size, shape 11. Assemble Placing one object into or on another object which becomes integral parts 12. Disassemble Separating one object from another 13. Use Manipulating tool for the purpose was intended 14. Unavoidable delay A delay beyond control of operator 15. Avoidable delay Any delay for which operator is responsible 16. Plan Mental reaction which precedes the physical movement 17. Find Mental reaction at the end of reach

Time & motion study methods-work measurement

 Determination of length of time it should take to complete the job

Stages of basic work measurement system1. Analysis 2. Data collection & measurement 3. Synthesis

Time & motion study methods-work measurement

Methods
   

Stop watch time study Historical time Predetermined data Work sampling

Gilbreth - Experiment
 Motion study can be considered the foundation for time study  The time study measures the time required to perform a given task in accordance with a specified method and is valid only so long as the method is continued  A time and motion study would be used to reduce the number of motions in performing a task in order to increase productivity without sacrificing quality  He experimented on bricklaying, he reduced the numbers of motion from 18 to 5.

A 36-Hospital Time and Motion Study: How Do Medical-Surgical Nurses Spend Their Time?

A time and motion study to document how nurses spend their time The goal to identify drivers of inefficiency in nursing work processes and nursing unit design A total of 767 nurses participated from 36 medical-surgical units

Research protocols designed to  The amount of time nurses spend on specific activities: nursing practice, unit- related functions, nonclinical activities, and waste  The distance travelled by the average nurse during a typical shift, and whether this movement is efficient  The physiologic impact of the work environment on nurses

A 36-Hospital Time and Motion Study: How Do Medical-Surgical Nurses Spend Their Time?

   

Protocol A: Baseline Data for EHR Implementation Protocol B: How Nurses Spend Their Time Protocol C: Nurse Location and Movement Protocol D: Nurse Physiologic Responses

A 36-Hospital Time and Motion Study: How Do Medical-Surgical Nurses Spend Their Time?

The results demonstrate that nurses devote large proportions of their time to documentation, medication. Administration, and care coordination and somewhat less time to patient care activities Nurses also travel significantly larger distances and exert more energy during daytime shifts than when away from work Changes to the process and technology of documentation, communication, and medication handling, as well as the physical design of units, could benefit nursing efficiency and the safe delivery of care

Time & Motion study - Limitations

 Observers are not always competent  Those conducting study are not always proficient in the job being observed  The action observed not always reflective in a group as a whole Workers may not co operate with Time & motion study 1. They may resent the study if it is being used to determine the pay scale 2. Workers may change at which they work 3. Pressure may increase mistakes made 4. Workers may alter normal work methods to disrupt the study

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