DIVERSITY MANAGEMENT, EXPATRIATE MANAGEMENT, CROSS CULTURAL INTELLIGENCE-ACCULTURATION

PRESENTED BY JAYA AHUJA

Topics covered

Diversity Management Expatriate Management Cross-Cultural Intelligence- Acculturation

What is Diversity?

Forces contributing to diversity at workplace

Economic Forces Demographic Forces Globalization

Dimensions of diversity

Primary Dimensions of Diversity. Secondary Dimensions of Diversity.

Managing diversity
A Management system which incorporates the differences found in a multicultural workforce in a manner which results in the highest level of productivity for both the organization and the individual.

Ongoing Process

Inclusive Process

W hy managing diver sity

A large number of women are joining the work-force.
*

* Work-force mobility is increasing. * Young workers in the work-force are increasing. * Ethnic minorities' proportion constantly in the total work-force is increasing. * International careers and expatriate are becoming common.

Diversity process

Cultural audits Awareness Training Skill-building Training Diversity enlargement Strategies

Diversity as Challenge
Resistance to Change Attitudes of people Perceptual Group Cohesiveness and Interpersonal Conflict

Diversity as Challenge
Segmented Communication Networks Retention

Diversity as an asset

By Shruti Bhatia and Deepashu Mahajan

How to manage diversity

Embracediversity Recruitbroadly Selectfairly Provideorientation andtraining Sensitizeallemployees

How to Manage Diversity?

Strivetobeflexible Seektomotivate individually Involveallwhen designingtheprogram AvoidStereotypes

Case Study-Diversity at IBM

Diversity Policy
Make it measurable: Know your baseline. Make it relevant to your customers/clients. Make it inclusive. Make sure there's accountability. Make it experiential. Make it unifying. Make it standard. Make it collaborative. Make it comprehensive.

conclusion
Just like fire has positive and negative impact, so is t h e d i v e r s i t y. I t s t h e manager who can change this negatives into positive and bring in Unity in Diversity". Its not the easy job but its not that difficult too. The challenge is great but so is the reward.

Who are expatriates?

Managers who live and work outside their home country. They are citizens of the country where the multinational corporation is headquartered. They are also called as Home-country nationals.

Reasons for using expatriates

To start up operations. To provide technical expertise To help MNC maintain financial control over the operations. The desire to provide the companys more promising managers with international experience . To maintain and facilitate organizational coordination and control. The unavailability of managerial talent in the host country. The host countrys multiracial population. Belief of some companies that a home country manager is the best person for job.

Managing expatriates
An organization having PCN and TCNs shall have potential expatriates. India is attracting more and more expats. When to expatriate, is a tough task for an IHR manager.

A few guidelines would help to identify potential expats:

Willingness and enthusiasm of a person to work on overseas assignments. Looking at the background-are they multiculturists themselves. Do the individuals who are being identified as expats, possess appropriate skills for the positions overseas? Family background of the individuals. Local laws of host countries often come in the way of expat postings. Cost-benefit analysis and how to fit into a particular candidate would fit the role.

Expatriates in host country

Loyalty and Commitment

Envy and Tension

Cultural Intelligence

Definition that uses skills (e.g. language or interpersonal skills) and qualities (e.g. tolerance for ambiguity, flexibility)

Ability to engage in a set of behaviors

Tuned to the culture-based values and attitudes of the people with whom one interacts.

Improving Cultural Intelligence

Developed through three means: Head /Cognitive (learning about beliefs, customs, and taboos of your own and other cultures)
Body

/ Physical (using your senses and adapting your movements and body language to blend in to your foreign hosts, guests, or colleagues simply by showing you understand their culture) / Emotional / Motivational (Adapting to a new culture by overcoming obstacles and setbacks. People can do that by gaining rewards and strength from acceptance and success).

Heart

Improving Cultural Intelligence

For instance, Americans and Japanese have differing styles when presenting their name cards When presenting a business card to a Japanese colleague, one should mention Hajima mashite, meaning Please to meet you in a slight bow and using both hands to give the card shows a sense of respect towards the receiver and the business card However from the Westerners context, like the British, a business card is for practicality. Thus very little consciousness to show to towards the presentation of the business card

Acculturation

Acculturation is the exchange of cultural features that results when groups come into continuous firsthand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct. (Kottak 2007)

Acculturation is a process in which members of one cultural group adopt the beliefs and behaviors of another group. Although acculturation is usually in the direction of a minority group adopting habits and language patterns of the dominant group, acculturation can be reciprocal--that is, the dominant group also adopts patterns typical of the minority group. Assimilation of one cultural group into another may be evidenced by changes in language preference, adoption of common attitudes and values, members hip in common social groups and institutions, and loss of separate political or ethnic identification.

Acculturation and Identity

North American culture has adopted many different parts of other cultures. Minority groups are being phased out. (Assimilation) Globally aware. Western acculturation (McDonalds!)

Principles

John Berrys model is based on the principles of cultural maintenance and contact-participation Cultural Maintenance the extent individuals value and wish to maintain their cultural identity. Contact-Participation the extent individuals value and seek out contact with those outside their own group, and wish to participate in the daily life of the larger society.

Cultural Maintenance / ContactParticipation

From these two principles come two questions that form the model Cultural Maintenance: Is it considered to be of value to maintain ones identity and characteristics? Contact-Participation: Is it considered to be of value to maintain relationships with larger society?

Characteristics of Acculturation

Integrated individuals Individuals want to maintain their identity with home culture, but also want to take on some characteristics of the new culture

Assimilated individuals These people do not want to keep their identity from their home culture, but would rather take on all of the characteristics of the new culture

Separated individuals They want to separate themselves from the dominant culture Can be called segregation if it is forced separation

Marginalized individuals These individuals dont want anything to do with either the new culture or the old

Berrys Model of Acculturation

Cultural Maintenance= YES Cultural Maintenance= NO Contact Participation= YES

Integration

Assimilation

Contact Participation= NO

Separation/ Segregation

Marginalization

Assessing Acculturation

Language Religious Beliefs Educational status Employment Societal norms

Social status Media usage Social relations Gender roles

Questions Used to Assess Acculturation

1.What language do you speak? 2.What language do you prefer? 3.How do you self identify? 4.Which ethnic identification does (did) your mother and father use? 5.What was the ethnic origin of the friends a peers you had as a child? 6.Whom do you now associate with in the outside community? 7.What is your music/television/movie preference? 8.Where were you born? 9.What is your food preference? 10.What language do you read/write/think it? 11.How much pride do you have in your ethnic group?

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