A TECHNICAL SEMINAR ON Supervisory Control And Data

Acquisition System (SCADA)

By
D. Bhanu Sowjanya & K.Ravi Kiran

CONTENTS
ABSTRACT HISTORY INTRODUCTION SCADA NETWORK COMPONENTS MASTER TERMINAL UNIT (MTU) REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT (RTU) FACTORS CONSIDERED APPLICATION OF SCADA CONCLUSION

ABSTRACT
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) is a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data. SCADA system are designed to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries. SCADA systems can also be programmed to automatically respond to changes in system parameters, either by performing automated actions or by sounding an alarm, which can alert operators.

HISTORY
Supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) was first developed in 1960 s. The technology of rockets and aircraft afforded man with the opportunity to investigate weather and planetary data. However, for accurate weather prediction, more detailed information was needed from the atmosphere. There were two questions to be answered. How could accurate data be gathered from the atmosphere and communicated back to a facility on the Earths surface? And, how might data be gathered from a number of sites in one centralized location to record, analyze, and then predict the weather. On behalf of these questions, SCADA was developed and was approved. Early SCADA systems used mainframe technology and required human operators to maintain by this increased the human labor cost. Today SCADA system is generally much more automated, and consequently more cost efficient.

INTRODUCTION
SCADA systems are used not only in industrial processes: e.g. steel making, power generation (conventional and nuclear) and distribution, chemistry, but also in some experimental facilities such as nuclear fusion. SCADA systems used to run on DOS, VMS, and UNIX; in recent years all SCADA vendors have moved to NT and some also to Linux. SCADA provides an economic advantage. SCADA becomes a better alternative to an operator or repairmans visiting the site for adjustments and inspections. Distance and remoteness are two major factors for implementing SCADA systems. .

SCADA 3000 Control Unit Sensaphone, Inc.

SCADA NETWORK COMPONENTS

 There are three major elements to a SCADA system:

The Operator. Master Unit Terminal Communications ( MTU). Remote Unit Terminal (RTU). The operator exercises control through information that is depicted on a video display unit (VDU). Input to the system normally initiates from the operator via the master terminal units keyboard. The MTU monitors information from remote sites and displays information for the operator. The relationship between MTU and RTU is analogous to master and slave. Depending on the complexity the MTU may proceed to a solution by trail and error method embedded in its programming that allow it to make modifications to the system to maintain optimality.

MASTER TERMINAL UNIT

The master terminal unit initiates all communication, gathers data, stores information, sends information to other systems, and interfaces with operators. The MTU is a general-purpose platform like a pc, scada running software. The major difference between the MTU and RTU is that the MTU initiates virtually all communications by its programming and people. Almost all communication is initiated. By the MTU. The MTU also communicates with other peripheral devices in the facility like monitors, printers or other information systems.

Inputs and Outputs for MTU

REMOTE TERMINAL UNIT

Remote terminal units gather information from their remote site from various input devices, like valves, pumps, alarms, meters, etc. Essentially, data is either analog (real numbers), digital (on/off), or pulse data (e.g., counting revolutions of meters). Many remote terminal units hold the information gathered in their memory and wait for a request from the MTU to transmit the data.

Inputs and Outputs for RTU

 Operation of SCADA Applications of SCADA Location used

Factors to be considered for selecting SCADA

Numbers of input/output points, Analog and Discrete. Data transmission and communication network. Control features. Software and security issues General security issues Cost

1.Number of i/o points, analog and discrete

In building a customized SCADA system
o prepare

a list of assets associated with particular utility. the operational parameters

o Identifying

2. Data Transmission and Communication Network

Data transmission can be provided via two primary channels:  Hardwired and  wireless. Three considerations when choosing the appropriate type of transmission system are the  Speed of transmission  The amount of data that can be transferred, and cost.

3) Control Features
The control function of SCADA system is achieved through use of PLCs. PLCs use a programming language called "relay ladder logic."

4) Software and Security Issues

The SCADA software typically runs on IBM PC or compatible computers under Microsoft Windows 95, 98, NT or 2000 operating systems. Software packages compatible with other operating systems (e.g. UNIX) are also available. The selection of software is such that it should be capable of providing graphical user interface.

Example of graphical user interface

5. General Security Issues

Security provided to SCADA system by considering some of the issues: The ability to set up a password system. The ability to trace logins. Secure data transmission technology.

6.cost
Cost for SCADA system can be divided into: software cost Hardware cost and Installation cost

Application of SCADA for water/waste water control

Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Committee Advanced

Measurement Initiative Monitoring Platform The Ohio River Valley Water Sanitation Committee (ORSANCO), wh improve water quality in the Ohio River and its tributaries, has set up a SCAD monitor its system for volatile organic carbon contamination.

CONCLUSION
SCADA systems can reliably monitor and control a process without requiring an operators supervision. SCADA systems also allow you to count, totalize, trend, data log and calculate valuable information about your process.

QUERIES