Tunggadewi J,Sutrisno,Toha Mubarok 012106287,012106286,012106288 Group 19 Medicine Faculty of Sultan Agung Semarang, Indonesia

CONTENT
y Definition y Pathofisiology y Classification y Sign y Preventive y Do you know?

Definition
y Heart dieseases or Cardiovascular disease are the class

of diseases that involve the heart or blood vessels (arteries and veins) Still have relation with atherosclerosis (arterial disease). y These conditions usually have similar causes, mechanisms, and treatments. y Degenerative diseases, still related with life style.

WHY I MUST KNOW THIS ?

Obesity and diabetes mellitus are often linked to cardiovascular disease In fact, cardiovascular disease is the most life threatening of the diabetic complications and diabetics are two- to four-fold more likely to die of cardiovascular-related causes than nondiabetics. Heart failure occurs when the heart is not able to pump blood through the body as well as it should. This means that other organs, which normally get blood from the heart, do not get enough blood. It does not mean that the heart stops.

y Which

mean..late for treatment...your dead is coming soon!

ARTHEROSCLEROSIS ?

How do I know if I have that ?

y Signs of heart failure include:
y Shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air)
y

Red blood cell bring oxygen for your body your body didn t have enough red blood cell flow disturbed by plaque that blocking the artery

y Swelling in feet, ankles, and legs y Extreme tiredness

Heart disease often has no symptoms. But, there are some signs to watch for. Chest or arm pain or discomfort can be a symptom of heart disease and a warning sign of a heart attack. Shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air), dizziness, nausea (feeling sick to your stomach), abnormal heartbeats, or feeling very tired also are signs.

Example of classification (to determine right theraphy)

The Stages of Heart Failure NYHA Classification In order to determine the best course of of therapy, physicians often assess the stage of heart failure according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification system. This system relates symptoms to everyday activities and the patient's quality of life. Class Patient Symptoms Class I (Mild) No limitation of physical activity. Ordinary physical activity does not cause undue fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea (shortness of breath). Class II (Mild) Slight limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea. Class III (Moderate) Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest, but less than ordinary activity causes fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea. Class IV (Severe) Unable to carry out any physical activity without discomfort. Symptoms of cardiac insufficiency at rest. If any physical activity is undertaken, discomfort is increased.

y y

HOW TO GET A RELIABLE DIAGNOSIS

Diabetes. Increases your risk of cardiovascular death threefold, especially when you are aged 35 to 65. The reason: The protection of estrogen is canceled out because high sugar levels alter the artery-clotting "bad" cholesterol to accelerate hardening of the arteries, according to Miller. Family history. The earlier your parents, brothers, or sisters have a heart attack or stroke, the higher your risk, especially if your mother was under 65 or your father was under 55 at the time. Age. You're at a higher-than-aver age risk if you are over 51 or in premature menopause without estrogen replacement. High blood pressure. If you have high blood pressure (anything above 140/90), you're more than three times as likely to have cardiac disease. Smoking. Nicotine reduces estrogen levels and places you at four to five times greater risk of heart disease than nonsmokers. If you are over 35, smoke, and take oral contraceptives, you may have 10 times the risk of heart disease. Overweight. Even modest weight gains (about 11 pounds more than your weight at age 18) are associated with an important increase in risk of heart disease, according to a recent Harvard University study. Also, the bigger your waist in proportion to your hips, the greater your risk. HDL levels below 35-45. The lower your high density lipoproteins (HDL)--the artery-clearing "good" cholesterol--the higher your risk of heart disease.

Simple Review

PREVENTION
y Know your blood pressure. Years of high blood pressure can lead to heart disease. People with high blood pressure often have no symptoms, so have your blood pressure checked every 1 to 2 years and get treatment if you need it. y Don't smoke. If you smoke, try to quit. If you're having trouble quitting, there are products and programs that can help:
Nicotine patches and gums y Support groups y Programs to help you stop smoking
y

C ont.
y Take action to reduce heart y y y y y

disease risk: Be physically active Don't smoke Eat healthy Maintain a normal weight Get moving. Exercise can help lower LDL ("bad cholesterol") and raise HDL ("good cholesterol"). Exercise at a moderate intensity for at least 2 hours and 30 minutes each week, or get 1 hour and 15 minutes of vigorous intensity physical activity each week.

DO YOU KNOW ?

SOURCE : WHO
That Woman have special case ? (due to statistic/epidemology)
Many Experts Claim There Is No Gender Bias The gender notion has recently

been challenged by a study conducted by Daniel B. Mark, M.D., assistant professor of medicine, division of cardiology, Duke University Medical Center, in Durham, North Carolina. Mark looked at the attitudes of 15 cardiologists who sent 280 men and 130 women for exercise tests for suspected heart disease. "A deficiency of estrogen before menopause places these females on a high-risk path, regardless of whether they get estrogen treatment after menopause," said Jay Kaplan, a professor of comparative medicine at Wake Forest, speaking at the North American Menopause Society meeting in Orlando, Florida in September 2000.

So ?