Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CHANDAN KUMAR Lecturer OB/HR Area Dept. Of Computer Applications National Institute of Technology(NIT) Jamshedpur
NIT JSR
10
Organization
Organization : A consciously coordinated social unit composed of a group of people functioning on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.
Organization Behavior : It is a field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups, and structure on behavior within organizations; the aim is to apply such knowledge toward improving organizational effectiveness.
NIT JSR 11
Why to Study OB
To learn about yourself and others. To understand how the organizations work. To become familiar with aspects related to groups and teams. To help you think about the people issues Which you may come across as a manager/ employee in non managerial role . This apart even in the informal interactions also OB applies in many situations where you interact with others- when you are travelling, go for shopping, in school, or in social gatherings.
NIT JSR 12
NIT JSR
13
Levels of Analysis
Organizational Level
Group Level
Individual Level
NIT JSR
14
Levels of Analysis Individual Level: The level of analysis at individual level is more related to the study of aspects like learning, perception, creativity, motivation, personality, turnover, task performance, cooperative behavior, deviant behavior, ethics, and cognition. Group Level: The group level of analysis involves the study of group dynamics, intra- and intergroup conflict and cohesion, leadership, power, norms, interpersonal communication, networks, and roles. Organizational Level: The organization level of analysis covers the topics such as organizational culture, organizational structure, cultural diversity, inter-organizational cooperation and conflict, change, technology, and external environmental forces.
NIT JSR
15
Fundamental concept
The nature of people
Individual difference
Perception
A whole person
Ethics
NIT JSR
16
Management Functions
Planning
Organizing
Management Functions
Controlling Leading
NIT JSR
17
NIT JSR
18
NIT JSR
19
NIT JSR
110
NIT JSR
111
Managerial Roles
NIT JSR
112
NIT JSR
113
NIT JSR
114
Management Skills
Technical skills
The ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise Formal training on the job experience
Human skills
The ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups-Most technically proficient
Conceptual Skills
The mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations. Mostly used in decision making
NIT JSR 115
2. Communication
Exchanging routine information and processing paperwork
4. Networking
Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others
NIT JSR 116
NIT JSR
117
Toward an OB Discipline
NIT JSR
118
NIT JSR
119
NIT JSR
120
NIT JSR
121
NIT JSR
122
NIT JSR
123
NIT JSR
124
NIT JSR
125
What Is Quality Management? 1. Intense focus on the customer. 2. Concern for continuous improvement. 3. Improvement in the quality of everything the organization does. 4. Accurate measurement. 5. Empowerment of employees.
NIT JSR
126
Process reengineering
Asks managers to reconsider how work would be done and their organization structured if they were starting over. Instead of making incremental changes in processes, reengineering involves evaluating every process in terms of its contribution.
NIT JSR 127
NIT JSR
128
NIT JSR
129
Motivation
Motivation
The processes that account for an individual s intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.
Key Elements 1. Intensity: how hard a person tries 2. Direction: toward beneficial goal 3. Persistence: how long a person tries
NIT JSR 130
There is a hierarchy of five needs physiological, safety, social, esteem, and selfactualization; as each need is substantially satisfied, the next need becomes dominant.
NIT JSR
131
NIT JSR
132
Higher-Order Needs
Needs that are satisfied internally; social, esteem, and self-actualization needs.
No need ever fully gratified Focus on what level the person currently is on Satisfy the need above that level
NIT JSR
133
NIT JSR
134
Factors characterizing events on the job that led to extreme job satisfaction
NIT JSR
135
There are three groups of core needs: existence, relatedness, and growth.
Core Needs Existence: provision of basic material requirements. Relatedness: desire for relationships. Growth: desire for personal development.
NIT JSR
Concepts: More than one need can be operative at the same time. If a higher-level need cannot be fulfilled, the desire to satisfy a lowerlevel need increases.
136
Work Performance
Job Characteristics Model Identifies five job characteristics and their relationship to personal and work outcomes. Characteristics: 1. Skill variety 2. Task identity 3. Task significance 4. Autonomy 5. Feedback
NIT JSR
137
Work Performance(Contd)
Job Characteristics Model
Jobs with skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and for which feedback of results is given, directly affect three psychological states of employees:
Knowledge of results Meaningfulness of work Personal feelings of responsibility for results
Increases in these psychological states result in increased motivation, performance, and job satisfaction.
NIT JSR
138
Work Performance(contd)
Skill Variety The degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities. Task Identity The degree to which the job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work. Task Significance The degree to which the job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of other people.
NITJSR 139
Work Performance(Contd)
Autonomy The degree to which the job provides substantial freedom and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and in determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out.
NIT JSR
140
Work Performance(Contd)
Feedback The degree to which carrying out the work activities required by a job results in the individual obtaining direct and clear information about the effectiveness of his or her performance.
NIT JSR
141
Performance Dimensions
NIT JSR
142
Leadership
Leadership: Ability to influence a group toward achievement of goals or "Leadership is the lifting of mans visions to higher sights, the raising of man's performance to a higher standard, the building of man's personality beyond its normal limitations.
Note: Theories that consider personality, social, physical, or intellectual traits to differentiate leaders from non leaders.
NIT JSR
143
Management Vs Leadership
*Management
Mangers have subordinates. Managers administer Managers demand Managers maintain Managers focus on systems Managers strives for control Managers have short-term view. Managers are focused on the bottom line.
NIT JSR
*Leadership
Leaders have followers. Leaders innovate. Leaders command. Leaders develop. Leaders focus on people. Leaders inspire trust. Leaders have a longterm goal. Leaders are focused on potential.
144
5,5
1,1
9,1
NIT JSR
145
NIT JSR
146
Leader Behaviors
1. Directive Leader What followers to do, work schedules, specific guidance to accomplish tasks 2. Supportive Leader: friendly, concern for followers needs 3. Participative Leader consults, uses suggestions before decisions 4. Achievement oriented Leader sets challenging goals, highest performance level Leaders flexible can display one or all behaviors based on situation
NIT JSr 147
NIT JSR
148
NIT JSR
149