LAMBORHINI

52 years of Passion: A Strategic outlook

Ivan Coste Manire 2006

JeanJean-Franois BILLOT Isabelle NOLOT

Genealogy of a myth
 The humble origins for what is now Automobili Lamborghini SpA can be traced back the aftermath of World War II. ln war-ravaged Northern Italy warFerruccio Lamborghini made use of the surplus equipment left by the departing Allied Troops, constructing agricultural machinery for his local community. With his homeland struggling to rebuild the damage caused by the conflict, his sturdy powerful tractors became popular and before long the business he started in small garage premises soon relocated to larger workshop units.  As this business went from strength to strength Lamborghini diversified moving on to manufacturing airair-conditioning systems - an inspired idea considering the Mediterranean climate - amongst other products, all of which were impressive moneymoneyearners. By the 1950s, Lamborghini was already a millionaire and one of the wealthiest businessmen in ltaly. ltaly.

The Gentlmens challenge

 His fortune meant that he could indulge in his passions, one of the most consuming of which was his love of exotic automobiles. He owned a string of fast Gran Turismo machines including a Jaguar, a Mercedes 300SL and Jaguar, an early Ferrari. lt was this latter vehicle - so the story is told - that would Ferrari. prompt Ferruccio Lamborghini to make the leap towards building sports cars.  His Ferrari developed a mechanical problem which his local mechanic was unable to solve, so the tenacious Lamborghini took the decision to take the car to Modena to engage in a face-to-face encounter with Enzo Ferrari. face-toFerrari. Ferrari who himself was pre-disposed to public flashes of arrogance, prerebuked Lamborghini as a stupid farmer and refused to grant him an audience.  Ferruccios anger boiled, and he decided there and then that he would teach Ferrari how to build proper sports cars. Of course, rich entrepreneurs cars. throughout Europe were jumping over each other to build luxury sports touring cars for newly wealthy clients during the 50s and Lamborghini would have been no less likely to fail than the majority of like-minded likeindividuals, not withstanding his business acumen and determination.

The Birth
 Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. was founded in 1963 in Sant'Agata Bolognese, a small Bolognese, village between Bologna and Modena, Italy, by Ferruccio Lamborghini.  As the years progressed, Lamborghini had amassed a wealth of engineering talent to design and build the car that would settle the score with Ferrari. The first Lamborghini, GTV, the 350 GTV, immediately launched Lamborghini into the sports car market much to the chagrin of Ferrari.

The Early ages

 The company's first car, the 350 GTV was introduced at the Turin Motor Show in the fall of 1963 and the production started, with the model 350 GT the year after, and this was followed in the sixties and the early seventies by the legendary Miura, Islero, Espada, Jarama and Countach. Countach.  In 1973, following the first oil crisis, the company got into financial difficulties and 1973, investor, GeorgesFerruccio Lamborghini sold 51 % of his shares to a Swiss investor, Georgesinvestor, Henri Rossetti. One year later, he sold the remainder to a second Swiss investor, Rossetti. Ren Leimer. Leimer.  Due to continued financial difficulties, the company was forced to enter into receivership in 1978. However, it was able to maintain the operational side of the 1978. business till 1980 when it was declared bankrupt and went into liquidation. In July liquidation. 1980, 1980, it was sold by the official receiver to the Mimran brothers, well known brothers, French tycoons in the food industry.

Stormy teenagehood
 Owing to the rapid growth of Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. in the early eighties and the resultant necessity for capital investment, the company had to look for an investor from the automotive industry. In April 1987, the U.S. car manufacturer Chrysler 1987, bought 100% of the company's shares.  In May 1990, the most successful Lamborghini model up to that time, the Countach, 1990, was replaced by the Diablo. By then, 2,000 of this model had left the factory in the Italian region of Emilia-Romagna. Emilia In January 1994, Chrysler sold Lamborghini to Megatech, part of the Indonesian 1994, Megatech, Sedtco Group. In 1995, it changed hands again, with 60% of the 1995, shares being taken by V'Power, a company controlled by "Tommy" Suharto. The V'Power, other 40% were bought by Mycom, a Malaysian investment company. Mycom,  At the beginning of 1998, AUDI AG entered into negotiations on the possibility of 1998, technical cooperation. With effect from July 24, 1998, AUDI AG executed an agreement to take over Lamborghini's entire share capital.

History and evolution of the cars (1)

 1963 The factory Automobili Lamborghini opens in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The first Lamborghini prototype, called the 350 GTV debuts at the Turin Motor Show in October. 1964 The 350 GT, a refinement of the original prototype, debuts at the Geneva Motor Show as a statement of Lamborghini's intent to be a true player in the sports car market. The vehicle fourtransmission, differential, features a four-cam V12 a fully synchronised five speed transmission, limited slip differential, four wheel independent suspension and four wheel disc brakes. An enthusiastic public reaction brakes. prompts production to begin. 1966 Characterised by its 3.9 Litre engine, the 400 GT is produced as a derivative of the 350 GT. Simultaneously Lamborghini begins building its own transmissions and final-drive unit and finalengine, combines this feature with the 3.9 Litre engine, revised bodywork and +2 seating to produce the 400 GT 2+2 model. model. A production prototype designed by Marcello Gandini, the Miura P400, featuring a cleverly P400, compact 3929 cc transverse V12 power train makes its second debut at the Geneva Motor Show. The car causes a stir, as its bare chassis had in Turin during the previous autumn and further establishes the reputation of Lamborghini.

1963 Lamborghini 350 GT

1966 Lamborghini 400 GT

History and evolution of the cars (2)

 1968 Launched at the Geneva Motor Show the Islero 400 GT features an aluminium, quad brakes; cam V12 engine; all wheel independent suspension and disc brakes; comprehensive engine; cockpit fittings and luxury interiors. Described as a businessman's car, the Islero, interiors. although shorter, is roomier than the 400 GT 2+2, and has plenty of glass area. Described as a truly sexy new four seater, the Espada combines looks, performance and handling of a top-line sports car with comfortable and luxurious accommodation topfor four. Built of solid steel "unibody" construction, the Espada became one of the construction, most admired and successful Lamborghinis.  1969 Criticism of the Islero 400 GT design inspired an improved model in the late summer of 1969, tagged Islero S or GTS. Modifications included a reworked interior, several interior, suspension improvements and a much more potent engine. "Mailbox slot" hot air engine. "Mailbox slot" exhaust vents behind each front wheel, a slight flare to all wheel arches and fixed triangular panes on the front portion of each door window were all additional features on the GTS model.

1968 Lamborghini Islero 400 GT

1968 Lamborghini Espada

History and evolution of the cars (3)

 1970 The Miura P400S, an upgraded version of the P400, features heavier gauge sheet steel chassis construction, rear suspension modifications, ventilated disc brakes, and reshaped combustion chambers, higher lift cams and bigger carburettors, all contributing to a stronger engine. carburettors, Additional features include leather-trim steering wheel, and options for radio and air leatherwheel, conditioning. conditioning. The functional successor to the 400 2+2, the Jarama 400 GT, is built on an all new "unibody" floor plan derived from the Espada. Its V12 engine is placed between the front wheels and the bodywork is made of steel. The car proved to be surprisingly nimble and fast. Sensible and deliberately unspectacular, the Jarama is described as more bold than beautiful.  1971 A second revision to the original Miura P400 prototype of 1966, the P400 SV features a completely redesigned front and rear suspension, with updated tyres and rims that dictate bulging suspension, rear fenders. The new improved model offers more muscle and features a leather interior trim replacing the vinyl. Marcello Gandini, assisted by Paolo Stanzani's engineering expertise, designed all new competition inspired sports car prototype, the Countach LP500, which debuted at the Geneva prototype, LP500, Motor Show. The car featured high speed dynamics, high cornering limits, a handmade aluminium body and a dramatic "wedge" body profile. profile.

1970 Lamborghini Miura

1970 Lamborghini Jarama

1971 Lamborghini Miura 2

History and evolution of the cars (4)

 1972 Having the body design executed by Bertone in an attempt to produce a "special" look, Lamborghini unveiled the Urraco P250 at the Turin Motor Show. It was described as having a genuine beauty and a rare blend of balance, delicacy, grace, innovation and passion that seemed ageless. The revised Jarama is referred to as the Jarama 400GTS. The car is distinguished by its hood scoop, side fender vents, parallel parking wipers and five bolt wheels. It had more horsepower and wheels. there were significant interior improvements, including better seating, instrumentation and improvements, workmanship. workmanship. It was the last front engined Lamborghini sports car. The first Countach LP400 prototype appeared at the Geneva Motor Show.  1973 The second Countach LP400 prototype was shown at the Paris Motor Show. 1974 The Countach LP400 production vehicle debuted at the Geneva Motor Show. The second Gandini design for Lamborghini, it stole the show and gave the company a new light. The car featured a 3.9 Litre V12 engine, tubular chassis, semi roll down side windows and bolder higher bumpers. bumpers.

1972 Lamborghini Urraco P 250

1974 Lamborghini Countach

History and evolution of the cars (5)

 1975 A replacement for the P250, the Urraco 300 was introduced and featured many improvements and detailed changes to transmission, suspension and bodywork. bodywork.  1976 The Silhouette, a new vehicle based on the Urraco, is introduced at the Geneva Silhouette, Motor Show. It received favourable reviews due to its aggressive good looks, stunning performance and a practical day-to-day driving ability. day-toability.  1977 In an attempt to build a series of fast off-road vehicles for the Mobility Technology offInternational Company, Lamborghini produced the Cheetah, an entry into the Cheetah, military market. Receiving less interest from the army than the public, the vehicle is adapted for the civilian market.  1978 Created largely due to interest expressed by the Lamborghini fan Walter Wolf, the Countach LP400S uses much wider low profile, high tech tyres requiring alterations in the suspension geometry of the car and fibreglass fender flares. flares.

1976 Lamborghini Silhouette

1977 Lamborghini Cheetah

History and evolution of the cars (6)

 1981 As a follow up to the Cheetah, the LM001 went into production and was available with a rear mounted 4.7 Litre Countach V12 or a Chrysler 360 cc V8. V8. 1982 The Countach LP500S featured a new 5 litre engine, produced 375 bhp and 302 Ib.ft. torque, engine, torque, standards. and is designed to meet tightening emission standards. The new Jalpa was introduced and went into production. It featured a new transverse-mounted transversetransmission. midship V8 engine and 5 speed transmission. It was a two seater design with a modular instrument panel, excellent ergonomics and an updated equipment package, including a new package, ventilation system. system. The LMA prototype is produced from the previous LM001 design. The newest model featured front engine placement, revision to the suspension, chassis and power steering. It was able to steering. carry extra people where the engine had been in the Cheetah and LM001. It was redesignated LM002 in anticipation of a production series.  1985 Featuring a "Quattrovalvole" four valves per cylinder engine, the Countach received its third major engine, QV. revision and was rechristened LP500S QV. Other alterations from previous models included revisions to suspension and brakes. With these changes the Countach became larger and heavier, brakes. heavier, but performance continued to improve.

1981 1981 Lamborghini LM 001

1982 Lamborghini Jalpa

History and evolution of the cars (7)

 1988 Lamborghini celebrated its 25th anniversary as a manufacturer of exotic sports cars and introduced the last Countach, the 25th Anniversary Edition. Countach, Edition. 1990 Lamborghini produced the Diablo, the fastest production car in the world, reaching a top speed Diablo, world, of 202 mph. mph. 1992 The open top version of the Diablo, the Roadster is presented at the Geneva Motor Show. Diablo, The LM002 went out of production  1993 This is "the year of the V.T." In March 1993 the Diablo VT, 4WD, was introduced to the press and the public during the Geneva motor show. In September, during the Lamborghini Day 3, the Diablo Special Edition was introduced to the public at the factory in Sant'Agata Bolognese. The production was limited to 150 units built during 19941994-95.

1982 1982 Lamborghini LM 002

1990 1990 Lamborghini Diablo

History and evolution of the cars (8)

 1994 In April Lamborghini presents a new gearbox for the racing marine engine. The Off Shore season starts off engine. enthusiastically for the engineers who had projected the change and power of the engine (almost 950 H.P.) November: the 1994 Off-Shore season ends with the last two races in Dubai. Lamborghini is world Champion in OffClass 1. 1.  1995 A magnificent special cherry red Diablo Roadster VT with a fucsia pink interior is presented at the Bologna Motor Show. Production of the Roadster took off immediately. 1996 At the Geneva Motor Show the Diablo SV (Sport Veloce) is presented, a simplified and more sporty version of the Diablo, inspired by the legendary Miura SV. With an engine power of 525 bhp, reduced weight and a shorter final bhp, drive ratio the car reaches 100 km/h in less than 4 seconds. The Diablo SVR is also presented, to compete in the Lamborghini Monomarque Championship. The Championship. championship successfully takes off and 26 Diablo SVR's line up on the main European circuits. The Class 1 World Off-Shore Championship sees once again the victory of the Lamborghini marine engine. Off 1997 The Lamborghini Monomarque Championship successfully continues with the participation of about 30 Diablo SVRs and it ends with the last race in Zhuhai, China. Champion. Also for this year the Lamborghini marine engine has been judged as the World Class 1 Offshore Champion.

1994 1994 Lamborghini Offshore

1996 1996 Lamborghini Diablo Roadster SV

History and evolution of the cars (9)

 1998 The Model Year '99 Diablo is presented at the Paris Motor Show with a major engine improvement which delivers, with its 12 V cylinders, new variable intake valve timing and the new electronics a power of 530 bhp (390 kW) in all models. The brakes have been improved with much wider discs and an advanced ABS system developed by the Lamborghini R&D centre. The dashboard has been completely redesigned and the new headlamps give a centre. fresher look to the front of the Diablo. The Lamborghini Monomarque Championship successfully continues with the participation of 30 Diablo SVRs and it started with a race in Melbourne, Australia. The Lamborghini marine engines are still heading the World Class 1 Offshore Championship after 5 races. Five boats equipped with Lamborghini engines and gearboxes are leading the group of 11 participants.  1999 The Diablo GT, a high performance version of the current Diablo with numerous body parts in carbon fibre, a 6 GT, Litre engine, a more sporty chassis and suspensions, debuted at the Geneva Motor Show. engine, suspensions, This model will be produced in a limited edition of only 80 units. The 1999 Lamborghini Supertrophy Championship opened the season on the Monza race track with 26 Diablo SVR. Lamborghini's Marine Engine won many races in the "1999 Class 1 World Offshore Championship" by powering 5 out of 9 boats participating in the events. At the Bologna Motor Show at the beginning of December, the Diablo GTR was presented. This model is derived from the Diablo GT and is intended for racing purpose only. The 6 Litre V12 engine gives an output of 590 bhp (575 in the GT) and is equipped with a safety cage, rubber racing cage, type fuel tank, automatic fire extinguisher and all the necessary devices needed for race track competition. competition.

1999 1999 Lamborghini Diablo GTR

History and evolution of the cars (10)

 2000 At the Detroit Motor Show, at the beginning of January, the Diablo 6.0 was presented. It is the Diablo for the year 2000 adopting the 6 Litre V12 engine (5.7 Litre V12 in the MY '99 version). The power increases to 550 bhp (530 in MY '99) and the body is mainly made of carbon fibre. The front and rear tracks are wider and the cockpit has been completely redesigned with extensive fibre. use of aluminium and carbon fibre. In May 2000 the Lamborghini Supertrophy will start. The Championship will line up more than 20 new Lamborghini Diablo GTRs replacing the Diablo SVRs of the previous years. In June 2000 the Class 1 Offshore Championship is going to start and most of the boats will be equipped with Lamborghini engines.  2001 In September the new Lamborghini Head Quarters were inaugurated and the new Murcilago was unveiled. It was officially launched at the International Frankfurt Motorshow. At the end of October, on the occasion of the Tokyo Motorshow, it was announced that Automobili Lamborghini Japan - the Japanese subsidiary - was now officially in operation.

2000 2000 Lamborghini Diablo SVR

2000 2000 Lamborghini Diablo 6.0

2001 2001 Lamborghini Miurcelago

History and evolution of the cars (11)

 2003 will certainly be a 'year to remember' for Automobili Lamborghini. In only twelve months, the company from Sant'Agata Bolognese has experienced a events, whole series of landmark events, confirming its leading role among constructors of the world's most exclusive sports cars. From the presentation of a beautiful new design proposal for open-top opendriving - the Murcielago 'Barchetta', which will go into production shortly 'Barchetta', to the launch, after over 10 years, of a second model in the range, the Gallardo, Gallardo, which will stand alongside the Murcilago; from the opening of the Centro Stile Lamborghini , due to take place at the end of the Summer, to the fortieth anniversary celebrations, marking the foundation of the company in 1963 by the one and only Ferruccio Lamborghini. The Emilian company has decided to celebrate this anniversary in May, the same month in which it was founded exactly forty years ago, and the month that falls under Taurus, the astrological sign of the founder. Taurus,

2002 2002 Lamborghini Miurcelago Barchetta

2003 2003 Lamborghini Callardo

Financial perpectives of the partnership

Major macroeconomic factors (1)

Dow Jones Industrial Average

S&P 500 / Dow Jones Indutriual Average/ Nasdaq Composite - the last 5 years     Heavily correlated trajectories 2002 strong drop 2003 recovery 20042004-2005 status quo = Reasonable growth perspectives

S&P 500

Nasdaq Composite

Major currencies exchange rate: EUR / DOL + DOL / YEN Lamborghini is exposed to the US Dollars    Clear volatility of the index = danger Speculation rally between T3 2004 & T2 2005 = unfavorable environment for european exporters 2005: US Dol appreciation against JP Yen

EUR/DOL

1.2 $ = 1
DOL /YEN

Major macroeconomic factors (2)

Brent Oil
 Major energetic shock since 2003 led by BRICs (Brazil/Russia/India/China) ShortShort-term perspective are getting better with a barrel expected stabilized around 60$ Structural fragility of the market:
  

Refinery capacities limited Poor investments in the past years Geopolitical sensitivity

Cost of steel products    Very strong buying pressure since 2004 = Prices are booming ! Long term trend clearly bullish Penalises every manufacturers in the world

Major macroeconomic factors (3)

Recent drop in the Conference Board Consumer Confidence Index 2005:  Natural disasters cooled down US consumers appetite

Uptrend in Barrons Confidence Index:  Excellent October recovery expected

Volkswagen Structure

Brand controlled:        Volkswagen Skoda Bentley Bugatti Audi Seat Lamborghini

Volkswagen Income Statements 2004    Gross profits & Operating profits remain still 29% drop in Profit after tax ! 31% drop in Profit attributable to shareholders !

Volkswagen Balance Sheet 2004

  

127 bn$ = modern behemoth ! 7.5% growth of balance sheet 11.5% growth in Financial services receivable = Financial division weakened 7.5% growth in provisions for tax & pensions = Pensions shock expected 24.3% growth in non-current nonliabilities

Volkswagen Financial Performance in 2004

SHARE PRICE :    Very poor year for the value Underperformed all indexes Preferred shares more appreciated from their dividends

RATINGS :   Flickering Credit Quality Unanimous negative outlook

VALUE CONTRIBUTION:   39% of operating profit absorded by chinese joint ventures ! Return On Equities: 1.2% = catastrophic !

SHAREHOLDER STRUCTURE:  Appreciated presence of the State of Lower Saxony : it stabilizes the capital & backs the credit quality

Volkswagen Share Price in 2005

Volkswagen on the long term:  19941994-1996:
  Stable years at low levels overperformed DAX

 DAX 30 

19971997-1999:
  very strong speculation with 2 spikes setting average around a 100% higher than previous period cverperformed DAX

20002000-2002:
  Volatile years at levels 50% lower Underperformed then overperformed DAX

Volkswagen AG

Volkswagen on the medium term    2003: Bad year = shareholders scepticism

   overperformed DAX underperformed DAX underperformed DAX

2004: Recovery, especially during T3 & 4 2005: Good uptrend that needs to be confirmed

Audi 2004 : Group Structure

Audi 2004 : Balance Sheet Structure

Harmonius organic growth of balance sheet

Audi 2004 : financial results

  

Growing Profit per Share + 7.5% Controlled share price with interesting perspectives Excellent Net Liquidity +32.8%

Audi Share Price at Frankfurt

1994 to 2005 long term 2000 to 2005 medium term

  

19941994-1995: Historical levels 19961996-1999: Wild speculation ended by a spectacular drop 19991999-2001: Near Death Experience

  

20012001-2002: Severe upward correction 20032003-2004: Return to historical levels 2005: Interesting momentum towards higher levels breaking several technical floors

Audi 2004 : Investments & Working Force

 

Clear persistance of the current trend in investments: 2 bn /year bn 6% growth in Lamborghinis working force

Audi 2004 : Ratio Production / Sales

  The Gallardo represents 76% of sales ! 9.5% erosion of the Murcielagos sales !

 

23.6% growth in Lamborghinis production 22% growth in Lamborghinis sales

Understandable delta: the 2004 slight overproduction is based on the anticipations of an optimistic year 2005.

Lamborghini: World Sales 2004

Official sales figures for 2004  49% 17% 15% 10% 9%   USA Supremacy ! Timid european results Middle East is a georgious sales tank

NB: 5 firsts markets for the brand. All other details remain confidentials.

The group maintains 1 dealer in each of those countries too: Austria Belgium Denmark Duba Greece HongHong-Kong Kuwait Lebanon Monaco Netherlands New-Zeland Portugal NewSingapore South Africa Spain Sweden Thailand U-K U-

22 6 5 3 3 3 3 2 2 2

Conclusions over the partnerships financial posture



Volkswagen is in a very uneasy position Audi standing strong & confident Lamborghini experiences a miraculous rebirth that needs to be reinforced by market answer & further innovation
Now to understand where the indutry of superwealth is going, well take a look at the World Wealth Report 2005 from Merrill Lynch & Cap Gemini. Lamborghinis strategy should be determined upon those insights.

World Wealth Report 2005 (1)

HNWI Population:  Strongest zone: North America

 2nd strongest zone: AsiaAsiaPacific  Europe has the smallest growth figure but is the second player by weight. Strongest growth: Africa (but marginal global weight) Second strongest growth: Middle East Latin America progress well but is still microscopic (0.3% of global wealth)

    High Net Worth Individual: 1 M$ in available assets

8.3 M in the whole world

Ultra High Net Worth Individual: 30 M$ in available assets

77 500 in the whole world (0.9% of the HNWIs are UHNWIs)

World Wealth Report 2005 (2)

HNWI Wealth Distribution:    North America & AsiaAsiaPacific lead the way ! Africa scores 2nd growth. Old Europe still 2nd by size but the slowest by far in growth. Middle East sees an incredible boom in its wealth distribution +28.9% Latin America is overrepresented compared to previous chart = violent wealth contrasts across that continent

World Wealth Report 2005 (3)

Geographic distribution of UHNWIs:  North American accounts for ~50% of UHNWIs global population Europe represents 25/30% AsiaAsia-Pacific averages 12/15% Latin America has the highest ratio of UHNWIs.

  

World Wealth Report 2005 (4)

Real GDP growth:  BRICs are opening the way:
 China N1 N  India close behind  Russia

 

United States do well Aging nations like Japan, German & France post mediocre results

World Wealth Report 2005 (5)

Growth by Country:  Asia Pacific 1- Singapore 3- Hong Kong 4- Australia 5- India 7- South Korean South Africa 2nd United Arab Emirates 6th USA 8th ! UK 9th and Spain 10th

   

World Wealth Report 2005 (6)

Forecast 2009 by region:   First market will remain North America Asia Pacific as the most dynamic of grown market Europe who will soon turn 3rd behind Asia Middle East as the quickest grower

 

Conclusions from the WWR 2005



The main markets Lamborghini should strive for are:

1. 2. 3. 4.

North America as the Big Thing Asia Pacific as the Next Big Thing Europe as the Base Middle East as the Niche
Well finally take a look at what is being prepared in SantaAgata to challenge those issues, consolidate the fundamentals and trancend customer experience.

New concepts for the future: Espada 2

Using the Audi developed Nuvolari concept (which rides on a shortened A8 platform) as a base. Lamborghini is developing a front-engine 2+2 coup frontthat will revive the Espada nameplate. nameplate. With styling heavily influenced by the original, the 500Vnew car will make use of 500-bhp 5.0 liter V-10 developped for the Gallardo and give Lamborgini an entry to compete with the likes of Ferraris 612 Scaglietti and Aston Martins DB9. DB9.

Concept S
At the Geneva Motor Show, the House of the Raging Bull will present a new design study that renews a great Lamborghini tradition. Like the 350 GTS and the Miura Roadster before it, the Lamborghini Concept S is a unique car, an extreme and spectacular expression of the Lamborghini brand. Created at the Centro Stile Lamborghini in SantAgata Bolognese by Luc Donckerwolke, Head of Donckerwolke, Lamborghini Design, the Concept S is his extreme interpretation of an open car. Using the Gallardo as a basis, Donckerwolke drew inspiration from the classic singlesingle-seater racing cars of the past to create this latest design study.

The classic single-seaters did not have a traditional singlewindscreen, but utilised the so-called saute-vent in sosauteorder to direct air over the head of the driver - and so does the Concept S. These devices divide the cabin into two S. distinct compartments, giving the car an aggressive and compartments, futuristic look and also creating a space between them that acts as an additional air inlet for the powerful engine, which is positioned behind the seats. An electronically controlled, retractable central rear view controlled, mirror allows the driver - when required - to see what is happening behind the car. The aerodynamics of the Concept S have been optimised diffuser. thanks to front and rear spoilers and a large rear diffuser.

The Offroad temptation

The next all-new Lamborghini is allcodecode-named LM00X, a highhighperformance version of the future Audi Q5. Q5. The LM00X features a choice of two engines: a supercharged, 4.2-liter 4.2V8 good for 400 hp and a 5.0supercharged, 5.0-liter V10 rated at 500 hp. The LM00X will be hp. introduced in 2008. 2008.

Reported too on the drawing board is an SUV replacement for the LM002 that will be powered either by the Gallardos V-10 or the V580 bhp 6.2 liter V-12 used in the Miurcelago. VMiurcelago. The new off-roader shown in white, could be offunpainted carbon-fiber body panels. carbonpanels. A perfect product to thrill Humers position !

The End

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