Embedded System Design

Prof. Kanade D.G.

What is System?
A way of working, organizing or performing one or many tasks according to a fixed set of rules, program or plan. Also an arrangement in which all units assemble and work together according to a program or plan.

Examples.
Time display system A watch Automatic cloth washing system A washing machine

What is Embedded System?

A n E m b e d d e d S yste m i a m i p ro ce sso r b a se d s cro syste m th a t i e m b e d d e d a s a su b syste m , i a s n l rg e r syste m ( w h i may or may not be a a ch computer system ).

More definitions
A n e m b e d d e d syste m i a syste m th a t h a s s so ftw a re e m b e d d e d i to co m p u te r-h a rd w a re , n w h i m a ke s a syste m d e d i te d fo r a n ch ca a p p l ca ti n ( s) o r sp e ci c p a rt o f a n i o fi a p p l ca ti n o r p ro d u ct o r p a rt o f a l rg e r i o a syste m . A n e m b e d d e d syste m i o n e th a t h a s a s d e d i te d p u rp o se so ftw a re e m b e d d e d i a ca n co m p u te r h a rd w a re . Rajkamal 1.

Let s consider a A computer is a system that has the following Computer

or more

components. 1) A microprocessor 2) A large memory comprising the following two kinds: (a) Primary memory (semiconductor memories - RAM, ROM and fast accessible caches) (b) Secondary memory [(magnetic memory located in hard disks, diskettes and cartridge tapes, optical memory in CD-ROM or memory stick (in mobile computer)] using which different user programs can load into the primary memory and can be run.

Computer
I/O units such as touch screen, modem, fax cum modem etc. Input units such as keyboard, mouse, digitizer, scanner, etc. Output units like LCD screen, video monitor, printer, etc. Networking units like Ethernet card, front-end processor-based server, bus drivers, etc. Operating system (OS). General purpose user interfaces and application software, mostly in secondary memory

Now Consider Embedded System

Three main embedded components 1)Embeds hardware to give computer like functionalities 2) Embeds main application software generally into flash or ROM and the application software performs concurrently the number of tasks. 3) Embeds a real time operating system ( RTOS), which supervises the application software tasks running on the hardware and organizes the accesses to system resources according to priorities and timing constraints of tasks in the system.

Components of an Embedded System Hardware

Applications
Flight Control
Flight control
Stability: real-time differential feedback loops

Positioning & navigation

GPS, INS

Instrumentation
Data acquisition, display, processing, and archive

Radar Communication

Applications.
Automotive
Engine management
Fu e l i n i o n , ti i g , g ti m n

Emission control Instrumentation

D a ta a cq u i ti n , d i l y , p ro ce ssi g , a n d a rch i si o sp a n ve

Safety & stability

A i a g s, a cti co n tro l rb ve

Entertainment & comfort

R a d i , A / C , o

Applications.
Robotics
Implies autonomous operation N physical degree of freedom Artificial intelligence Control heavy Mission oriented Repair , search , rescue , investigate , and perform physically difficult tasks

Applications.
Process Control
Industrial automation Plant monitoring and production control Similar to control systems but with emphasis on management

Applications.
Consumer Electronics
Home appliances Yesterdays appliances: add computation Tomorrows appliances: add networking (Internet) Office electronics Integration Electronic paper (filing, printing, sending, and receiving) Home/office automation Common fantasy about the automated home or office of the future with lights and appliances that operate by themselves or with minimal effort

Applications.
Network Components
Stitching LANs Bridge Connects two parts of the same network Router Link networks using different network identities Extending ports Switch Transmit to recipient only Hub Transmit to all Handle large volume of highly structured data with little transformation