Busbar Protection

Basics Devices overview

Need for busbar protection

power concentration G

A busbar is a point of convergence of many circuits  generation  transmission  load

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Need for busbar protection

A busbar is  a point of convergence of many circuits  a concentration of power high, destructive fault currents result ! A busbar fault  endagers the stability of the grid a fast and selective fault clearance is required (100200ms incl. CB operation) a high degree of availability/ dependability is a demand (EHV: redundant BBP main1/main2)  leads to serious damages of the switchgear fastest and selective fault clearance is required  may endanger human live fastest fault clearance is required

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Reasons and probability of a busbar fault

Reasons  mechanical problems (isolators, CTs)  insulation problems (pollution, flash over)  human errors (switch-onto-fault) Probability  ca. 1 fault / 10 years but: the effects can be tremendous!! (outage, cost)

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Principles of busbar protection

Reverse interlocking Limited application range (no power reversal, single bus) Distance protection Slow fault clearance time (> 300ms) Differential protection fast, selective, wide application range

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Typical scope of applications

 Single busbar, up to 12 feeders *, w/o sectionalizer  Single busbar, any feeders, with sectionalizers  Simple double busbar, with couplers  Complex multi busbar (e.g. transfer bus)  1 breaker scheme

7UT6x 7SS60 7SS60 7SS52

7UT6x, 7SS60, 7SS52

*) depending on the version of relay (7UT612, 7UT613/633, 7UT635) and type of measurement (1/3-phase)

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7SS52 Distributed Busbar & Breaker Failure Protection

since 02/1998

central unit

distributed scheme, phase segregated measurement

bay units >1000 systems 7SS52 in operation

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The 4 S of a perfect substation protection

+ limits damages + maintains stability + ease of use HMI

+ added value

Speed
Additional functions
+ limits breakdown amount + increases availability

Security
+ avoids over- and underfunction + reduces maintenance

7SS52

Selectivity
+ interfaces the world

Stability
+ avoids breakdown by false tripping
Alejandro De Vega

Communication

Self monitoring
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7SS52 System features (1)

 12 busbars or bus sections (independant protection zones )  48 feeders with up to 5 disconnectors  16 couplers (1 CT) / 8 couplers (2 CTs)  12 coupling zones (BB sections w/o feeders)

 well proven measurement principle which is used by SIEMENS in analog and numerical systems  tripping time <15 ms at the command contact  CT saturation tolerated after 2ms (50Hz) / 1.7ms (60Hz)

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7SS52 System features (2)

 phase selective measurement for each zone  additional isolator independant 'checkzone'  dead zone (coupler) / end fault (feeder) protection for faults between CB and CT  additional tripping characteristic for earth faults in resistive earthed networks

 integrated versatile two step breaker failure protection

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Why a numerical busbar protection?

 high availability of the system by self monitoring  provides profound information about network disturbances (fault buffer, fault recorder)  reduced maintenance efforts due to constant accuracy, no ageing of components, no drift of pick up values  high reliability as no mechanical switch-overs are made when
 assigning feeders to selectivity zones according to their disconnector position  a selectivity zone is taken over by another one (e.g. on-load transfer)

 multifunctional by integration of additional protection functions (e.g. BFP)  flexible and fit for the future as the system configuration is done with standard DIGSI4 operating software

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Why a distributed busbar protection?

 simplier and more flexible system  faster and easier installation  shorter comissioning time (bay by bay)  easy and fast extension of protection system  lower CT burden  reduced wiring  simple and reliable tripping circuits

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Distributed architecture
substation central unit
.

fibre optics 2 2

1,5 km

2 2

bay unit terminal panel 50 terminal panel 50 terminal panel 50 terminal panel 50

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Centralized and local operation

DIGSI 4
Central unit and bay units
S I P R O T E C

RS 232 DIGSI 4
B U S B A R P R O T E C T I O N 7 S S 5 2 1 1 - 5 C A 0 0

bay unit

OF
1
S I P R O T EC

2
S IP R O T E C

3
S I P R O T E C

48
S I P R O T E C

RS 232

S B

C T

I O

5 2

1 - 5

TI O

S 5

2 1

1 - 5

A 0

B U

T E

T I O

7 S

2 1

- 5

B U

T E

T I O

7 S

2 1

- 5

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IEC 60870-5-103 interface

Substation control system SCS
Device address: 49 ... COM Telegram with address 49 one pair of optical fibers

7SS522 - central unit

SBK ... SK1 to SK6

Telegrams with addresses 1 to 48

7SS523 - bay unit

...
Device address: 1 2
* Device addresses are samples

48

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Busbar and isolator configuration, online visualization

 Configuration and operation of 7SS52 with DIGSI 4 Configuration as with Display Editor Library of static and dynamic symbols, user defined possible as well Connection of the dynamic symbol with the respective device (i.e. CB, isolator), measured value, Standard typicals are provided, new typicals can be stored Online visualization

 


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Fault record

record of differential- and stabilizing currents (CU) and feeder currents (BU)

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7SS52 Benefits

 Reduced expenditure of engineering, installation and commissioning  Low CT requirements matching of different CT ratios, Tsat>2ms(50Hz)/ 1.7ms(60Hz), shared CT cores, easy verfication  User friendly HMI (One DIGSI)  Maintenance reduced to testing of input quantities and trip circuits due to high degree of internal supervision  Few different system components (reduced stock of spare parts)  Open for the future by easy and fast extension of protection system

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Busbar Protection