Collin Russo David Tawadras Brian Johnson Engineering Design 100

To Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources to provide cell services to citizens in parts of Kenya who otherwise would not have access to this technology.

1.1 Executive Summary

Design a telecom cell phone base station system that uses sustainable energy sources, a diesel generator system, and sodium metal halide battery to the base station. The system should optimize available power in areas with either no energy grid or an unreliable energy grid, and also illustrate environmental benefits of replacing the typical current solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal resources and reusable across developing regions.

1.2 Executive Summary

GE is a diversified infrastructure, finance, and media company taking on the world's toughest challenges. From aircraft engines and power generation to financial services, medical imaging, and television programming, GE operates in more than 100 countries and employs about 300,000 people worldwide. GE has a strong set of global businesses in infrastructure, finance, and media aligned to meet today's needs, including the demand for global infrastructure; growing and changing demographics that need access to healthcare, finance, and information and entertainment; and environmental technologies. In 2009, GE delivered solid results despite the tough economic climate with earnings of $11.2 billion. Industrial cash flow from operating activities for the year remained strong at over $16.6 billion. GE traces its beginnings to Thomas A. Edison, who established Edison Electric Light Company in 1878. In 1892, a merger of Edison General Electric Company and Thomson- Houston Electric Company created General Electric Company. GE is the only company listed in the Dow Jones Industrial Index today that was also included in the original index in 1896.ts of replacing the typical current solutions. The design should be feasible to implement with minimal resources and reusable across developing regions.

3.3 External Search

- Kenya is the 47th largest country in the world - It has a tropical climate. It is hot and humid at the coast, and very dry inland (our location). - It receives a great deal of sunshine year round, and stays hot - The capital, Nairobi, is located near the center of the country with a population of about 3.2 million.

2.1 Customer Needs Assessment

Function

1.1 Self operating station 1.2 Efficient 1.3 24hr full operation 2.1 Provides telephone service 2.2 Consume Resources 2.3 Wildlife 3.1 Low cost 4.1 Cost Effective 5.1 Blends in 5.2 Appealing in nature

Impact

Maintenance Cost Initial Cost Aesthetics

2.2 Customer Needs Assessment

Aesthetic Aesthetics Impact Maintenance Cost Initial Cost Function Total 1 3 4 3 6

Impact .34 1 1.34 1 2

Maintenance Cost .25 .75 1 .75 1.5

Initial Cost .34 1 1.34 1 2

Function .17 .5 .67 .5 1

Total 2.1 6.25 8.35 6.25 12.5 35.45

Weighting .059 .176 .235 .176 .353 1.0

2.3 Customer Needs Assessment

Load Area Operating VDC Components

1.2 kW Non-Grid 48 VDC y y y y Diesel DC Generator Sodium metal halide battery Alternative Energy Source Hut

2.4 Customer Needs Assessment

3.1.1 External Search

Gears, Belts, and moving parts in general Function 4156580 4288200 Wind Turbines 5083039

Blade Shape

Antenna

Materials

7357624 0036657 A1 Blade Shape 7173570 7642988 6057806 4451749 5089734 5512813 4233085 0101134 A1

Cell Tower

AC Generator Solar Panels

3.1.2 External Search

Electrical Components 5522943 5164654

Portable power supply

Software Components 12/179,315 10/439,664

4963811

5576533

solar energy operated automatic charge device for electric appliances method and apparatus for powering electrical and electronic consuming devices with solar energy circuit for converting solar energy into AC power

12/323,450

11/654,256

3.2 External Search

Max Height Max Range Max People Cost Aesthetics Land Required

Lattice Tower Monopole Tower Guyed Tower Stealth Tower 200' 200' 300'+ No taller than a tree Proportional to height with a absolute max of about 45 mile, due to limits of the cell phones. As long as each tower has enough people in its range, the maximum number of people is about the same. $85,00 3-sided triangular base Not a lot $140,000 Single tube Not a lot $65,000 Straight tower with guide wires Large amount $200,000 Disguised as natural surroundings or art work Small amount

4.1 Concept Generation

Solar Energy

Energy
Wind Energy

Mechanical Energy

Electrica l Energy Apply Electrical Energy to Antenna

Hut

Cell Tower

Antenna

Cell Phone Service/Signal

Power System Switch

Timed Cycle

Trigger Switch

Power Grid or Battery

Guyed Tower Lattice Monopole Stealth

4.2 Concept Generation

Solar Power Hut Hydro Geothermal Solar/Wind/Bio Wind Bio/Solar

Antenna

3-panel 9-panel 18-panel 1 round panel

4.3 Concept Generation

Tower: 1) 3-sided tower with a triangular base (Lattice) 2) Single tube (Monopole) 3) Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed) 4) Tower disguised as the natural surroundings or artwork (Stealth) Power Source: 1) Solar 2) Wind 3) Bio-fuel/solar combination 4) Hydroelectric 5) Geothermal 6) Solar/wind/bio-fuel combination Antenna: 1) Triangular arrangement with three panels 2) Triangular arrangement with nine panels 3) Triangular arrangement with eighteen panels 4) Round arrangement of on large panel

4.4 Concept Generation

-Straight tower with supporting guide wires (Guyed) -Solar and Wind Combination -9 panel antenna

4.5 Concept Generation

Part # 1 2 3 4 5 Name QTY Wind Turbine Top 2 Solar Panel Support pole 2 2 Cost SOP Function Dimensions Effect Y Creates usable energy 40 inch radius dome= 1.5ft Y Creates usable energy 1M radius N N Y Support and elevate Support Solar panel Generate electricity from wind turbine Elevate Antennae Support Tower 40 ft 6in H: 1ft R: 6in 80ft 120ft Manufacturing Process Molded Machined Molded Machined and drilled Machine manufactured Molded and machined Machine woven Material Magnifying plastic Silicon Metal Metal Metal s, plastic Metal Fibers Metals, Plastic Concrete Metal, Oil Acid, Plastic, Metal

Mounting Bracket 2 Generator Motor 2

6 7 8 9 10 11

Guyed Tower Support Rope 9 Plate Antennae Concrete Hut Diesel Generator Sodium metal halide battery

1 4 1 1 1 1

Y N Y N N N

Send and Receive Cell Tri : sides Machined Service 10ftx3 Safely store electronics 8ft X 8ft X 8ft Molded Back Up Power Source 6ft x 2ft Charge and discharge during need H: 4ft R: 2ft Machined Machined

4.5 Concept Generation

1Yr- Full cleaning of both the turbine and solar panel 5Yr- Examining battery, wiring, generator for full functionality

5.1 Concept Selection

Provide Cell Service to an area with either no energy grid or an unreliable energy grid. Use alternative Energy to rum/maintain the cell tower/hut. Keep initial and maintenance costs low. Provide service to as many people as possible with one tower. Power source must supply 1.2 kilowatt constant load. Keep pollutants to a minimal.

5.2.1 Concept Selection

1 Lattice Cost of Production Durability Max Height Max Range Aesthetics Land Required Sum +'s Sum 0's Sum -'s Net Score Rank Continue? + 0 0 0 0 + 2 4 0 2 2 No

2 Monopole 0 0 0 0 0 + 1 5 0 1 3 No

3 Guyed + 0 + + 0 3 2 1 2 1 Yes

4 Stealth 0 0 + + 2 2 2 0 4 No

5.2.2 Concept Selection

1 Solar Cost of Production Durability Power Output Application in Region Reliability Land Required Sum +'s Sum 0's Sum -'s Net Score Rank Continue? + + + 0 0 3 2 1 2 1 Combine

2 Wind + 0 + 0 + 3 2 1 2 1 Combine

3 Bio/Solar + + 2 0 4 -2 4 No

4 Hydro 0 0 0 0 3 3 -3 6 No

5 Geothermal 0 0 + 1 2 3 -2 5 No

6 Solar/Wind/Bio + + 0 2 1 3 -1 3 No

5.2.3 Concept Selection

1 3-panels Cost of Production Durability Max Range Max People Signal Quality Sum +'s Sum 0's Sum -'s Net Score Rank Continue? + + 0 2 1 2 0 3 No

2 9-panels 0 + 0 0 0 1 4 0 1 1 Yes

3 18-panels 0 0 + + 2 2 1 1 2 No

4 1-round panel 0 0 1 4 -4 4 No

6.1 Final Design Analysis

Our cell tower requires a constant load of 1200W. Whether it comes from the alternative energy source, battery, or emergency generator it needs at least 1200W of power. Pt1200W We have a wind/solar device for our power source. They work in combination, so power from wind+ power from the sun= total power. Pw+Ps=Pt

6.2 Final Design Analysis

The equation for wind energy in terms of area is: Pw= (.5)*(swept area)*(air density)*(wind velocity)^3 Our arrangement for the wind part of our device is a half circle so: Swept area= ( r^2)/2 In the city of Mombasa, KE (the city that our tower is going on the outskirts of) the average wind velocity is around 9.94m/s. The elevation of Mombasa is around sea level so the approximate air density is 1.23kg/m^3. Air density=1.23 wind velocity=9.94 Therefore, Pw=(.5)*(( r^2)/2)*(1.23)*(9.94)^3 Pw=948.755r^2watts

6.3 Final Design Analysis

The average area for a 100W solar panel is 0.6553m^2. Therefore, a circular 100W solar panel has a radius of r=0.4568m. By plugging this r into the above wind energy equation we get that for every 100W of solar one can get 198W of wind. Now by using a simple proportion we can get the minimum quantity for r that will supply 1200W of power. .6553m^2/298W=A/1200W A=2.638m^2 A= r^2 r=.9167m

6.4 Final Design Analysis

Wind energy can be working all the time, but solar can only run while the sun is out (about 5 hours per day) If the whole component was run by wind we get that the r would have to equal at least 1.125m based on the above equation with the average wind velocity. Therefore, we as a group feel that our design should be efficient at 1m, since at 1m it would store up enough extra energy to make it through the night. By combining wind and solar, we limit the need for using the emergency backup generator and limit the dependence on fossil fuels with our new green technology. Our design is mostly initial cost. It does not require expensive fuel and the maintenance cost should be low too. We do however recommend a cleaning once every couple years of as need incase bats run into the blades or if something builds up on the solar panel, because this would interfere with its maximum output.