Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
OPERATIONS RESEARCH
Sl. NO 1 2
Topics / Sub Topics Introduction to Operations Research : Definition & Characteristics of OR, Techniques in OR, Problem Formulation & Modeling, Case Study Linear Programming General formulation, Application Corner point theorem, graphical and Simplex method, Big-M method, Sensitivity analysis (basic introductory
coverage, theory only), Duality (basic introductory coverage, construction of Dual from primal) , case study
No. of Sessions 2 9
4 5 6 7
8 9
Transportation Model Finding an initial basic feasible solution: NW corner method, VAM method, LCC method (balanced & unbalanced transportation problems), optimality test: U-V (MODI) method only, Case Study Assignment problems, Travelling salesman problems, Case Study. Game Theory: Optimal solution of Two-Person Zero-sum Games. Mixed Strategies, Graphical Solutions of (2xn) and (mx2) games, Case Study Queueing Models:Queuing Models: Basic elements of Queuing Models. Single Channel Models- M/M/1:FCFS// type only Network models Scope, definitions, minimal spanning tree, determining the shortest path Kruskal method, Basics of CPM & PERT Critical path computation, Crashing of network, Case Study Simulation: Basic Concepts. Use of Random Numbers. Monte Carlo Method, Application of Simulation, Case Study Decision Theory: Decision Process, decision making under certainty, decision making under uncertainty decision making under risk. (Expected value criterion,EOL),Decision trees
3 5
5
8
2
TOTAL TEXT BOOK: OPERATIONS RESEARCH - P.K.Gupta & D.S.Hira. S.Chand & Co. Limited
44
2
Prof.Meghna Verma
Session Contents
1. Introduction to Operation Research 2. Meaning and definition of Operation Research 3. Phases and application of an operations research 4. Methodology of Operation Research 5. Operation Research Models In Practices 6. Summary
Prof.Meghna Verma 3
INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION
Operations Research involves Research on military operations. This indicates the approach as well as the area of applications of the field. Thus it is an approach to problems of how to coordinate and control the operations or activities within an organization. In India OR society of India (ORSI) was founded in 1957. The journal OPSEARCH was published for the first time in 1963, Now OR techniques are used in almost all walks of our life and industry life.
Prof.Meghna Verma 4
Prof.Meghna Verma
Characteristics of OR Approach
System (or Executive) Orientation of OR Interdisciplinary Approach Scientific Approach Uncovering of new problems Holistic Approach Improvement in the quality of Decision Use of computer Quantitative solutions Human Factors
Prof.Meghna Verma 7
Prof.Meghna Verma
Methodology of OR
Real life problem or opportunity System Choosing a particular aspect of reality which needs attention Define the problem Develop The Mathematical Model Collect the relevant data Establish relationships among variables & parameters of the system Define objective(s) to be achieved & limitations on resources
Modify the model Implementation & Control *Interpret solution values *Put the result gained from the solution to work through organisational policies *Monitor changes and exercise control
Solve the model Apply suitable OR technique to ge solution in terms of decision variables Testing the model & its solution Put values of decision variables in the model under consideration See whether solution is valid or not
Prof.Meghna Verma
10
Production Mgmt
*Facility Planning *Manufacturing *Maintenance & project scheduling
Mktg Purchasing ,Procurement & Exploration Personnel Mgmt Techniques & General Mgmt Government Prof.Meghna Verma R&D
11
models:have been developed to establish a trade-off between cost of providing service and waiting time of customer in th queuing system. when two or more Individualsor organisations with conflicting objectives try to make decisions.
Competitive (game theory) models: These models are used Network Model: These models are applied to the mgmt (planning,
controlling and scheduling) of large-scale projects. PERT/CPM techniques help in identifying potential trouble spots in a project thru the identification of critical path.
Replacement model: These models are used when one must decide the
optimal time to replace an equipment for one reason or the other.
Advanced OR models :
Non-linear programming Dynamic programming Integer Programming Goal Programming Heuristic Programming Quadratic Programming Parametric Programming Stochastic Programming Sensitivity analysis
Prof.Meghna Verma
14
By degree of abstraction
By Function
By Time Horizon
By structure
MatheMatical Model
Language Model
Descriptive Model
Static Models
Dynamic Models
General Model
Specific Model
Prof.Meghna Verma
15
Summary
Explained the meaning and definition of operation research along with its application in mgmt. Phases of an operations research project has been explained . Classification scheme of OR models has been explained.
OR models in practices were discussed.
Prof.Meghna Verma
16