PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL & CATALYTIC STUDIES OF VANADIUM PHOSPHORUS OXIDE CATALYST

EFFECT OF DOPANT CONCENTRATION ON VPO BASED CATALYST

NAME : PRAKAS YEAR / SEMESTER : 4 / 1 COURSE : CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CATALYST
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Catalyst A substance that accelerates rate of a chemical reaction until equilibrium is reached without being consumed Lowers activation energy Does not change the enthalpy and free energy of the reaction Change the kinetics but not the thermodynamics of he reaction

TYPES OF CATALYST
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Homogeneous Both the are in the same phase Normally involves metallic complexes as the catalyst Heterogeneous Catalyst and the reactant are in different phases Usually catalyst are in solids while reactant are in liquid or gaseous phase

IMPORTANCE OF CATALYST
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Catalyst accelerates the rate of a chemical reaction by many folds Without catalyst, many reaction would not be possible to be carried out as the conditions for the reaction as too costly to be fulfilled

PROBLEM STATEMENT
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To have a deeper understanding of the characterization and catalytic properties of the catalyst used in the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride To understand the effect of dopant addition on the performance of VPO based catalyst

PREPARATION OF VANADYL PYROPHOSPHATE

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Mainly there are 5 routes to prepare VPO Catalyst: Aqueous Medium Organic Medium Dihydrate Route Hemihydrate Route Sesquihydrate Route

PARAMETERS
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There are four parameters that attribute to the performance of VPO Catalyst: Calcination Condition Support System Doped System P/V Atomic Ratio

Maleic Anhydride
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Primary use in the manufacture of polyester and alkyl resins Also used to produce a vinyl copolymer through polymerization with other molecules containing vinyl functionality Usage in manufacture of agricultural chemicals

Methodology STAGE 1
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2.5g V2O5 + 60 ml Distilled water + 15 ml o-H3PO4 All the sets are placed in Microwave Digester for 2 hours at 120C The yellowish precipitate is centrifuged to separate the liquid and the slurry mixture The slurry is evenly spread on ceramic bowl and placed in the oven to be dried The dried powder is recovered and place in a container

Methodology STAGE 2
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1.5 g VOPO4.2H2O + 22.5 ml 1-butanol solution are prepared All the sets are placed in Microwave Digester for 4 hours at 120C The whitish blue precipitate is centrifuged to separate the liquid and the slurry mixture The slurry is evenly spread on ceramic bowl and placed in the oven to be dried The dried powder is recovered and place in a container

Methodology STAGE 3
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100 ml of butanol and 5% Cobalt and a variation of 1%, 3% and 5% Barium are mixed in a tube If physical mixing does not dissolve the mixture, it is stirred with the apparatus place on a hot plate Recovered whitish blue powder added and is stirred, centrifuged and oven dried again Whitish blue powder with the dopants are calcined for 6 hours at 400C

Characterization Technique X-Ray Diffraction Analysis y BET Multipoint Surface Area y Redox Titration y Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometer y Scanning Electron Micoscope
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