ENGLISH LANGUAGE PRESENTATION (ADVERBS)

WHAT IS AN ADVERB?
An adverb is used to describe the action of a verb such as how, where or when it is done. Examples: He frowned angrily. She shouted loudly. They passed the test easily.

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WHAT IS AN ADVERB?
Adverbs are also used to modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, a whole sentence and a prepositional phrase. Examples: to modify verbs She drives slowly. to modify adjectives - She is very excited to modify other adverbs - He ran very quickly. to modify a whole sentence - Actually, we dont know. to modify prepositional phrase - The ball flew right through the window.

TYPES OF ADVERBS
Adverbs of manner describe how Examples: happily, easily, loudly, well She sings happily. He shouted loudly. Adverbs of time describe when Examples: soon, then, now, before, since, already They need the books now. lived here before.

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TYPES OF ADVERBS
Adverbs of place describe where Examples: here, there, everywhere, nowhere Ive looked everywhere but I cant find it. She was here just a few minutes ago. Adverbs of degree describe how much Examples: almost, much, only, quite, very, rather Rahim runs much faster than Johari. He is very good at chess.

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TYPES OF ADVERBS
Adverbs of frequency describe how often Examples: once, twice, again I once saw a yellow beetle. I beat the boy twice. Adverbs of interrogation are used in questions. Examples: where?, when?, how? Where do you stay? When did he call? How long is it?

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TYPES OF ADVERBS
Adverbs of negation. Examples: no, not They are not here. No, I did not see your pen.

THE ROYAL ORDER OF ADVERBS

Verb

Manner

Place in the pool into town in her room

Frequency every morning every afternoon every morning

Time before dawn before supper before lunch.

Purpose to keep in shape.

Beth happily swims Dad walks Ali naps impatiently

to get a newspaper.

In actual practice, of course, it would be highly unusual to have a string of adverbial modifiers beyond two or three (at the most). Because the placement of adverbs is so flexible, one or two of the modifiers would probably move to the beginning of the sentence: "Every afternoon before supper, Dad impatiently walks into town to get a newspaper." When that happens, the introductory adverbial modifiers are usually set off with a comma.

POSITION OF ADVERBS
Adverbs can be placed anywhere in the sentence. Initial position (at the beginning of a sentence or clause) Soon, he walked out of the class Suddenly, Jane screamed Mid-position Mrs. Wan often bakes delicious cakes. I have always enjoyed sentimental music.
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POSITION OF ADVERBS
End-position Jane screamed suddenly. We ended the meeting early.

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POSITION OF ADVERBS
Most adverbs can fit both mid-position and endposition. She often falls ill. She falls ill often. I completely forgot about it. I forgot about it completely.

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POSITION OF ADVERBS (EXCEPTION 1)

Adverbs never placed in mid-position. 1. Adverbs of place She came inside. We climbed upwards. 2. Adverbs of definite time The fire occurred yesterday. Tomorrow, I shall visit my grandmother
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POSITION OF ADVERBS (EXCEPTION 1)

3. Adverbs of definite frequency This magazine is published monthly. We practise together daily. 4. Adverbs used to evaluate (to say how well something is done. They danced beautifully. My sister does not cook well.

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POSITION OF ADVERBS (EXCEPTION 2)

1. Adverbs never placed in end-position Examples: only, simply, also, specially, too, either, as well, particular, definitely, nearly almost, quite, hardly, scarcely, etc.

Where to put the adverbs (General Rules)

Adverb Type Frequency (How often?) - always - often - sometimes - never Possible Positions Before the verb in simple tenses After the auxiliary (helping verb) After modal verbs (can, will, may) Usually, sometimes, often, normally, frequently and occasionally can start a sentence for emphasis. Eg of sentences I never swim when its raining. She had never seen him.

You must always follow your mothers advice. Sometimes, I watch a movie on TV.

Adverb Type Manner (How?) - easily - quickly - quietly - happily

Possible Positions Either before or after the verb After the object (when there is one) Remember: Never between Verb and Object Possible Positions After the verb

Eg of sentences He easily won the game. He won easily. He won the game easily. He won easily the game. (Incorrect)

Adverb Type Place (Where) - here/there - outside - inside - overseas

Eg of sentences Please sit here. He went outside for a smoke. Put the books here. Put here the books. (Incorrect)

After the object Remember: Never between Verb and Object

Adverb Type Time (When) - tomorrow - then - early - now

Possible Positions After the verb After the object Remember: Never between Verb and Object

Eg of sentences Im going tomorrow. He finished his homework early. He is going to Melaka now. He finished early his homework. (Incorrect)

Adverb Type Degree (to what certain extent) - very - completely - hardly - totally

Possible Positions Before an adjective they describe Before an adverb they describe

Eg of sentences I felt completely exhausted. She arrived very early. The man sings very melodiously.

WHERE TO PUT THE ADVERBS

Mid-position Adverb 1. Before verb We always travel together. They seldom go to cinema. 2. After be Ali is never around when I need him. The shopping complexes are often crowded in the evening.
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WHERE TO PUT THE ADVERBS

3. After the first auxiliary verb (if the verb has several parts). You will definitely have to return the book to the library. My parents have never question me on my decision. 4. Before an auxiliary verb (if if it is used alone). I never will. (to the question Will you return?) I always did. (to the question Did you love him?)
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WHERE TO PUT THE ADVERBS

5. Adverbs of manner are put after auxiliary verbs. Dont worry, it will be well taken care of. Has it been properly washed. 6. In emphatic sentences, many adverbs are placed before the first auxiliary verb. I really thought he was an honest fellow. She never has been an easy person to deal with.

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WHERE TO PUT THE ADVERBS

End-position Adverb Generally, the order of adverbs in end-positions is as follow.
1. Adverbs of manner+ 2. Adverbs of place+ 3. Adverbs of time

Example: We study hard in school daily. They performed well on the stage tonight.

ADVERB FORMATION

From an Adjective Careful Beautiful Fitting Carefully Beautifully Fittingly

From a Present Participle Willing Glowing Surprising Willingly Glowingly Surprisingly

ADVERB FORMATION
From a Present Participle Assured Affected Assuredly Affectedly

When adjective ends in -able or -ible, the adverb is formed by replacing final -e with -y
From an Adjective Horrible Terrible Horribly Terribly

ADVERB FORMATION
When adjective ends in -y, the adverb is formed by replacing final -y with -ily
From an Adjective Happy Lucky Happily Luckily

When adjective ends in -ic, the adverb is formed by replacing final -ic with -ically
From an Adjective Economic Ironic Economically Ironically

COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
Adverbs are compared in the same way as Adjectives. Look at the examples:
POSITIVE Early Badly Much Angrily COMPARATIVE Earlier Worse More More Angrily SUPERLATIVE Earliest Worst Most Most Angrily

ADVERBS COMMONLY USED WITH CERTAIN VERBS

Using suitable adverbs will make your writings more interesting. Look at the examples:
VERBS Act Apologise Fall Need Sing Write ADVERBS quickly, suddenly, warily, suspiciously, strangely sincerely, humbly, sheepishly heavily, suddenly, accidently, weakly, clumsily badly, immediately, urgently loudly, softly, sweetly, tunefully, melodiously neatly, carelessly, beautifully, legibly

SAMPLE QUESTIONS
1. Complete these sentences with suitable adverbs. a) She walked _______________________. b) The bird sang ______________________. c) Take these dirty socks away ____________________. d) She ____________________ got killed. e) They _______________________take the short cut to school. f) Pradeep is _____________________the first in class g) ___________________________are you going home today? h) ____________________ are you going to finish your work? i) _________________________, he is the one. j) She is _________________________my best friend.

SAMPLE QUESTIONS
2. Write out these sentences using the correct from of the adverb in brackets. a) The ( soon ) you finish your work , the ( good ). b) The children walked ( fast ) than their mother. c) Karen speaks ( softly ) than anyone I know. d) I can whistle the ( loud ) e) He can do sums ( easy ) than any of us

SAMPLE QUESTIONS
3. Select an adverb for each sentence and insert in the correct place.

Increasingly again strongly safely Very often hard there fluently

a) We were very happy and contented. b) Albert began to get restless after a few minutes. c) Lincoln loved to read and would walk for miles to borrow a book. d) It was a difficult journey but they arrived in persia. e) If you practise, you might become a tennis star one day. f) Some Singaporeans speak three or four languages. g) Our local market is becoming crowded and dirty h) Singapore is associated with orchids which seem to represent the stunning beauty of the east.

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