Philippine History

The Rise of Filipino Nationalism

 Factors

that gave rise to Filipino nationalism:

1. Spread of liberalism  a. Exposure to international commerce brought liberal ideas from Europe to the Philippines.  b. Transformation of the Philippine economy into a raw material market for Europe


6. Cavite mutiny caused by the abolition of the privileges of the arsenal workers and engineer corps regarding exemption from tribute and forced labor .  Sergeant Lamadrid leader of the mutiny  Accused of alleged conspiracy in the rebellion were fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora who were sentenced to death by garot, on February 17, 1872.


2. Sentiment against the principales ( political and social aristocracy, which includes the prominent land owning and propertied citizens.) 3. Racial prejudice 4. Cultural changes > Brought about by the educational reforms of 1863, thus giving birth to a new breed of Filipinos the illustrados ( enlightened ones) > Governor general Carlos Maria de la Torre invoked reforms in the government like the revocation of press censorship and the abolition of flogging as a form of punishment.

 

5. Secularization controversy  > The effort to secularize the parishes in a way heightened the nationalist feeling of the people.  > Secularization of the parishes means the turnover of parishes supervised by regular clergy to the seculars.


Propaganda Movement and La Liga Filipina

Propaganda Movement - a unified nationalist movement campaigning for reforms in the Philippines. Aim: Peaceful assimilation, referring to the transition of the Philippines from being a colony to a province of Spain. Reforms: 1. Equality of Filipinos and Spaniards before the law; 2. Restoration of the Philippine representation in the Spanish Cortes;

 3. Secularization of Philippine parishes and the expulsion of the friars; 4. Human rights for Filipinos, such as freedom of speech, press freedom, and freedom to meet and petition for redress of grievances. Members: 1. Filipino exiles of 1872; 2. Patriots who left the islands to escape persecution; 3. Those who had been to Spain for their studies.

Greatest Propagandist: 1. Marcelo H. Del Pilar lawyer and journalist from the town of Bulacan. > In 1882, he helped established the first bilingual newspaper, the Diariong Tagalog. > Wrote Dasalan at Tocsohan ( Prayers and Mockeries), a manual of anticlerical commentary in the format of novena.

 2. Graciano Lopez Jaena > Wrote the Fray Botod or Friar Potbelly ( circa 1874) 3. Jose Rizal > He wrote the Noli Me Tangere ( Touch Me Not) in 1887. > The Noli reflected the defects of the Spanish rule in the Philippines, particularly the abuses of the friars. Other great Filipino Propagandist ( Assignment: List at least 5 and state their contributions in the Propaganda Movement [1 whole] )

- La Solidaridad ( Solidarity) a purely Filipino organization established in Barcelona on December 31, 1888.

La Solidaridad- a fortnightly newspaper founded by Graciano Lopez Jaena in February 15, 1889 to make known the objectives of the Propaganda. Contributors: Marcelo H. Del Pilar ( Plaridel) , Dr. Jose Rizal ( Dimas Alang, Laong Laan) , Mariano Ponce ( Naning, Kalipulako, or Tigbalang), and Antonio Luna ( Taga- Ilog)

Revolucion- First Filipino Masonic Lodge founded by Lopez Jaena in Barcelona. Lodge Solidaridad- founded by Del Pilar in Madrid. Lodge Nilad first masonic lodge in Manila founded on January , 1892. Aim: A dignified, free and prosperous country with a democratic regime and a genuine and effective autonomy, and a good government.

La Liga Filipina
Meaning : A sort of mutual aid and self-help society, selfdispensing scholarship funds and legal aid, loaning capital and setting up cooperatives. Founder: Dr. Jose Rizal When: July 3, 1892 Motto: Unus Instar Omnium ( one like all) Objectives: 1. Unification of the whole archipelago into one compact, vigorous, and homogenous body;

2. Protection in cases of want and necessity; 3. Defense against violence and injustice; 4. Encouragement of instruction, agriculture, and commerce; and 5. The study and implementation of reforms.