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Impulse = F t
F t = m(vf vi)
In an isolated system, the total momentum before a collision or explosion equals the total momentum after the collision or explosion
Consider 2 objects, A and B, of masses m1 and m2, traveling at initial velocities vi1 and vi2.
They collide and travel at velocities vf1 and vf2 after the collision.
According to Newtons third law, during a collision the force that A exerts on B (F1) equals the force B exerts on A (F2), but in opposite directions.
A B
F1 = - F2
t2
The times of contact are equal, and so: m1vf1 m1vi1 = - (m2vf2 m2vi2)
Or:
m2 m2 m1 m1
Before collision
Velocity = vf
Time of collision
Mass of each = 1 kg
P after = p before
m.v = -m.v
m.2u = -2m.u
(Take left as +)
A cannon ball of mass 900g is fired from a cannon of mass 40kg. The ball leaves the muzzle of the cannon at 250 m.s-1. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the velocity of the cannon (recoil velocity).
Elastic collisions occur when objects come apart after colliding. Inelastic collisions occur when colliding objects move as a single unit after colliding.
Work is required to change the shape of an object (deformation). Heat energy is generated during the deformation of a colliding object. Some energy is converted into sound.
This causes the total kinetic energy of the system to be less after the collision than before the collision.
Such a collision is known as an inelastic collision.
Elastic collisions
Inelastic collisions
*
*
Elastic
In inelastic collisions, the objects remain locked together after the collision and move as 1 unit.
Elastic collision:
before
= P
*
*
after
= P
after
after
= P
after