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Outline
cdma2000 packet data architecture and network elements Simple IP/Mobile IP Packet Network Nodes State Machines MAC Layer Packet Data Call Flows 1x EV-DV (1xRTT Evolution for high-speed
Home Agent
Home AAA
as the subscriber moves to different cells Mobile station will be able to use a constant IP even when moving across different cells
Packet Packet Network Network
BSC
PCF
PDSN
PDSN PCF
BSC
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Mobile IP Registration
BSS
PDSN (FA)
Home Agent
MIP-RRQ MIP-RRQ
A required IP element in cdma2000 networks Provides relay to mobile from PDSN Keeps track of registration lifetime expiration and ensures that the sessions are renewed as necessary Controls the available radio resources Buffers data received from PDSN until radio resources becomes available Controls dormancy PDSN (Packet Data Serving Node) PPP datalink layer to mobile is terminated Interfaces with PCF IP packets are routed In MIP network acts as a FA
Accounting)
Stores accounting information and authenticates/authorizes mobiles Provides security to FA and Foreign AAA.
HA (Home Agent) Establishes a secure packet-data tunnel with the FA to provide MIP services and routes the packets destined to the mobile to the FA Authenticates MIP registrations
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Ericsson ///
MSC PDSN
A8 /A10 setup
BSC/PCF
PDSN
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IP PPP GRE RLP AIR Interface RLP IP AIR Link Interface Phys BSC/PCF A10 RS-232 RS-232
IP
IP
Link
Link
Phys
PDSN
IP
SLIP or PPP
IP
SLIP or PPP
IP PPP GRE RLP AIR Interface RLP IP AIR Link Interface Phys BSC/PCF A10
IP
IP
Link
Link
RS-232
RS-232
Phys
PDSN
Active FCH
Control/Hold
second minute
Dormant
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Active FCH
Control/Hold
second minute
Dormant
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Active FCH
Control/Hold
second minute
Dormant
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Dormant Mode
Initiation BSC initiates when inactivity timer is expired or RF failure occurred MS initiates when inactivity timer is expired or TCH is released Reactivation Initiated when network or MS has data to send Since PPP is maintained no extra control plane signaling required User data is exchanged after reactivation
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PDSN
Target BSC/PCF
HO Direction Msg
HCM
Clear Command Clear Complete A11 RRQ (Lifetime = 0) A11 RRP A11 RRP Handoff Complete A11 RRQ
Quality of Service
Still standardization is continuing Air interface is bottleneck for an end-to-end
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Motivation
CDMA 1x supplemental channel scheduling is
slow (~2-4 secs) and data rate is not satisfactory (~144 kbps) Forward link has priority due to asymmetric nature of the data applications Flexibility against short term and long term voice and data demands
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Design Goals
Backward compatibility with cdma2000 1x
cdma2000 1x features, applications and services and voice/data capabilities are maintained
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Design Requirements
FL peak data rate > 2.4 Mbps RL peak data rate > 1.25 Mbps Average throughput in FL and RL > 600 kbps Peak data rate and average throughput is at
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Whats needed?
Radio resources should be optimally used Radio link control & resource allocation must
be optimized
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control Rate control (higher order modulation and coding) is used to maintained link quality Optimally schedule delay tolerant data
Favor the user with good channel quality Serve users both in parallel (CDM) and serial (TDM) while TDM is preferred if possible
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Whats next?
Reverse link data enhancements are
necessary to meet the requirements, i.e. 1.25 Mbps Common services and mobility with different type of network access technologies, such as Wireless LANs, DSL, satellites etc.
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4G
Higher data rates ~2-20 Mbps New air interface needs to be developed Potential candidate OFDM Smart antennas can form directed beams to
increase strength of the desired signal A new spectrum needs to be assigned Software radio can transmit over different air interface technologies All-IP vision: base stations become an access router
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