DISORDERS OF THE IMMUNE,ENDOCRINE AND LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

Presenter: 28th August,2011.

IMMUNE SYSTEM Allergic Rhinitis, Anapylaxis,Uticaria,Transfusion Reaction

Nursing Management ACUTE PHASE Maintain patent airway Monitor vital signs i.e. TPR,B/P half hourly. Administer prescribed medications(epinephrine). Stay with patient Education

Importance of avoiding the offending antigen (insects, environment, medication).

 Urticaria, angioedema, lysis, sudden onset,chills,ischemia,necrosis, life threatening, edematous, Anaphylactic, laryngeal stridor, convulsion, pruritic, tetany, paresthesia. Erythematoes wheals, hypersensitivity, hyperglycemia, glycosuria, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphgia,

TERMINOLOGY

 Introduction Endocrine dysfunction in most instances can be classified as resulting from Hypersecretion or Hyposecretion. The excess or deficient secretion can result from: 1.primary dysfunction of any of the endocrine glands 2. abnormal function of the pituitary glands

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM

THYROIDECTOMY-POST OP CARE
Assessment Monitor vital signs q2-4hr Monitor quality of voice , presence /absence of stridor, c/o of dyspnea & choking sensation q1hr for 8 hours, then q2hr for 4-8 hrs and then q4hr. Monitor for signs of tetany and paresthesia. N/Diagnosis Ineffective breathing pattern r/t tracheal obstruction. Risk for injury (trauma) r/t increased neuromuscular excitability and low calcium. Knowledge deficit r/t no previous exposed to information.

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Planning Maintain adequate air exchange ( SpO2 > 95%),ABG= No injuries occur: show no changes in vital signs neuromuscular excitability. Patient to understand frequent vital signs and neurological assessment. Describe plan for follow up care. Implementations
Keep head of bed elevated 30. Encourage deep breathing , coughing and turning q2-4hr. Report any signs of hemorrhage, air -way obstruction. Assess mental status and motor strength. Ambulate pt as own tolerance. Maintain fluid intake as per fluid balance chart. Teach pt and relatives about wound care, prescribed drugs, diet, and symptoms to report if discharged.

 Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Uncontrolled DM may result in long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs. Diabetes cannot be cured, but it can be controlled. Thus the professional nurse has the challenge and responsibility to help pts gain the knowledge, skills and attitude necessary for self-care (Ulchaker 2001).

DIABETES MELLITUS

Nursing management
Nursing Diagnosis

Fluid volume deficit Risk for fatigue Risk for infection Altered in nutrition Knowledge deficit in disease, drugs, self care skills.

Planning Exhibit physical signs of fluid balance(wt,skin turgor normal) B/P & Pulse are within normal range Decrease in risk for infection Exhibit signs of nutritional adequacy Verbalizes knowledge on DM

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Implementation Infuse fluid as per fluid balance chart Encourage oral fluid intake Encourage meal intake as prepared & refer to dietician Administer prescribed medication (insulin/antibiotics). Educate pt on causes and prevention of DM and complication. Evaluation

Nursing management
DIABETIC MANAGEMENT Monitoring Medication Exercise Education Meal plan: Nutrition management is the cornerstone of all therapy in all types of DM.

Reference
Marek, Phipps& Sands (2001). Medical surgical nursing.(6th ed). St Louis: Mosby.