Conglomerate

Detrital Clastic texture Pebbles and granules cemented together

Oolitic Chert
Oolitic texture Ooids are chemically precipitated balls of CaCO3 (calcite) This rock was originally an oolitic limestone, but the calcite has been replaced by silica.

Coquina (a type of limestone)

Biochemical Shell fragments cemented together.

Chalk (a type of limestone)

Biochemical Loosely-cemented microscopic hard parts of plankton

Tufa (a type of limestone)

Chemically precipitated This rock is often precipitated out around freshwater springs that are saturated with dissolved calcite.

Arkose Sandstone
Clastic texture This is a feldspar-rich sandstone. Since feldspars generally alter into clays in the presence of water, this rock implies deposition in an arid environment.

Shale
Clastic texture This is the most abundant of all sedimentary rocks. Shale in a fissile mudstone.

Quartz Sandstone
Clastic texture Iron oxide cement gives this sandstone its rusty red coloration. The quartz grains are so heavily coated with iron oxide it is difficult to see the quartz.

Chert (also called flint)

Chemically or biochemically-precipitated Chert is microcrystalline silica (quartz). It is very hard and smooth often breaking with conchoidal fracture. This rock was used to make arrowheads and knives by Native Americans and others.

Graywacke Sandstone
Clastic texture This rock is a mixture of sand and mud.

Micrite (a type of limestone)

Chemically or biochemically-precipitated This rock is comprised of microcrystalline calcite.

Travertine (a variety of limestone)

Chemically-precipitated This is a banded limestone often seen in the form of cave formations such as dripstones and flowstones.

Rock Gypsum
Chemically-precipitated This is a variety of gypsum called alabaster. This rock is often associated with evaporating bodies of water.

Rock Gypsum
Chemically-precipitated This is a variety of gypsum called alabaster. This rock is often associated with evaporating bodies of water.

Bituminous Coal
This rock is derived from plant debris that collects in an anoxic environment such as a swamp. This material originally forms peat, but upon further burial peat is transformed into lignite coal, lignite into subituminous coal, subituminous into bituminous coal, and in the realm of metamorphism bituminous is transformed into anthracite coal.

Claystone
Clastic texture This clay-rich rock has some gritty sand particles, but is predominantly clay. Wet the rock and feel how it turns gooey.

Quartz Sandstone
Clastic texture This rock is a well-cemented fine-grained sandstone.

Dolomite
Crystalline texture This rock is similar to limestone, but rather than being comprised of the mineral calcite (CaCO3), dolostone is comprised of the mineral dolomite (Ca Mg (CO3)2. This rock will react with 10% HCl if you crush it to a powder.

Rock Salt
Chemically-precipitated This is the mineral halite. It is most often associated with the evaporation of a body of water.

Breccia
Clastic texture This rock has a lot of angular gravel (granules and pebbles). The angular nature of the particles suggests these pieces of gravel never traveled far from the rock they broke off of.

Micrite (a variety of limestone)

Chemcially or biochemically-precipitated The dark color of this rock is unusual for a limestone. It is most likely the result of organic matter mixed in with the microcrystalline calcite.

Chert (also know as flint)

Chemically or biochemically-precipitated Chert is microcrystalline silica (quartz). It is very hard and smooth often breaking with conchoidal fracture. This rock was used to make arrowheads and knives by Native Americans and others.

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