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Cap 1 SSTC
Cap 1 SSTC
0 t1 t2 t -t2 -t1 0 t
0 t1 t 0 t1/2 t 0 2t1 t
2
s t 0 sin t , 0 , T0 T0 = perioada semnalului
T0
1
T0=0.1
0
Ex: (0=1) -1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1
T0=0.2
0
-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1
T0=0.5
0
-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
t
1. Semnale si sisteme in timp continuu 3
Daca un semnal (in timp continuu) x(t) este periodic cu perioada fundamentala
T0, el poate fi exprimat ca o combinatie de functii trigonometrice.
Seria Fourier trigonometrica (S.F.T.):
2
x t C0 Ck cos k 0t S k sin k 0t 0 2F0
k 1 T0
1
1 F0 frecventa fundamentala
C0 x t dt T0
T0 T
0
2
Ck x t cos k 0t dt
T0 T
0
2
Sk x t sin k 0t dt
T0 T
0
1
f=p/2
0
-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
1
f=-p/2
0
-1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1
t
1. Semnale si sisteme in timp continuu 6
Notatie: Ck Ak cos k , Sk Ak sin k
Sk
A0 C0 , Ak Ck2 S k2 , k atan
Ck
Relatia Parseval:
1
2 2
Px x t dt ak Px = puterea semnalului
T0 T k
0
Conditiile Dirichlet:
1) x(t) sa aiba un numar finit de maxime sau minime
pe orice interval finit
2) x(t) sa aiba un numar finit de discontinuitati
pe orice interval finit
3) x(t) este absolut integrabil: x t dt
1. Semnale si sisteme in timp continuu 9
1
S.F.E.: ak x t e jk 0t dt T0 ak x t e jk 0t dt
T0 T T
0 0
2
1 jk t
Pt. T0 lim ak lim x t e T0 dt 0
T0 T0 T0
0 d, k 0
Deci, lim T0 ak x t e jt dt
T0
Transformata Fourier X F x t x t e jt dt
1
Transformata Fourier inversa x t F 1 X X e j t d
2
1. Semnale si sisteme in timp continuu 10
2 1 2
Teorema Rayleigh (energia): x t dt
2
X d
1. Liniaritate: F ck xk t ck F xk t ck X k
k k k
timp
3. Deplasare in F 1
X 0 e j t F 0 1
X e j t x t
0
frecventa:
t
F x F x t X
x t
5. Derivata in timp: F j F x t jX
t
6. Derivata in 1 X jtF
F
1
X jtx t
frecventa:
8. Integrala in frecventa:
1
1
F X d
1 F 1
X x t
jt jt
Notatie: s j
Transformata Laplace: X s L x t x t e st dt
j
1
Transformata x t L X s
1
st ds
2j j
X s e
Laplace inversa:
1. Semnale si sisteme in timp continuu 17
Cateva proprietati ale transformatei Laplace:
1. Liniaritate: L ck xk t ck L xk t ck X k s
k k k
4. Compresie/expandare in timp:
L x t / L x t X s
x(t) y(t)
S{•} y(t) = S{x(t)}
1. Cauzalitate: x t 0, pentru t 0 y t 0
2. Liniaritate: S xk t yk t S ck xk t ck yk t
k k
3. Invarianta in timp: S x t y t S x t t0 y t t0
4. Stabilitate: x t t y t t
(t) h(t)
S{•} h(t)
h t d h t h t t h t
Def: Operatia de convolutie: x1 t x2 t x1 x2 t d
1. Semnale si sisteme in timp continuu 22
x(t) y(t)
h(t) y t x t h t x h t d
Conditia de stabilitate: h t dt
2. x1 t x2 t x3 t x1 t x2 t x1 t x3 t
Y
H F h t H H e j argH
X
raspunsul in faza
arg H
g raspunsul in amplitudine
h(t)
h t h1 t h2 t hN t H F h t
H k F hk t
H H1 H 2 H N k 1, 2, , N
h1(t)
h2(t) h(t)
hN(t)
h t h1 t h2 t hN t H H1 H 2 H N
|H()| |H()|
1 1
filtru trece-jos filtru trece-sus
0 t 0 t