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Activating The Modern Return Plant

Presented By Michael E. McCracken

Eastern Show 96

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Topics

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Return Path Overview


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Coaxial Distribution AM Fiber Link Transport Headend

Drop

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

The Forward & Return RF Spectrum


Activating the Modern Return Plant

Return
2 3 4 5 6 ..
5MHz 40MHz 54MHz

Forward

750MHz

System Split
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
4

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Two-Way Amplifier
Activating the Modern Return Plant
54-750MHz 54-750MHz

H
Diplex Filter Diplex Filter

H
Forward Amplifier

From/To Headend

To/From Subscriber

C L

C L

Return Amplifier

5 - 40MHz

5 - 40MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Diplex Filter Crossover


Activating the Modern Return Plant Crossover

Amplitude

Return

Forward

5MHz

40MHz

54MHz
6

750MHz
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

AM Fiber Link
Forward Receiver

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Forward Transmitter

To/From Distribution System

Forward Fiber Return Fiber

Diplex Filter Return Transmitter AM Optical Node Hub or Headend Return Receiver

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

RF Impulse-Pay-Per-View
Activating the Modern Return Plant
Drop
Coaxial Distribution AM Fiber Link Transport Headend

Settop Terminal
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
8

Control System

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

RF-IPPV Frequency Allocation


Activating the Modern Return Plant
15.45MHz 17.75MHz

v 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz 25 MHz 30 MHz 35 MHz 40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

RF-IPPV Bandwidth Utilization


Activating the Modern Return Plant
100kHz

15.45 MHz

17.75 MHz

2.3MHz 23 Channel Slots


GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

10

High-Speed Cable Modems


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Drop
Coaxial Distribution AM Fiber Link Transport Headend

Settop Terminal
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
11

Interface
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Cable Modem Frequency Allocation


Activating the Modern Return Plant

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

12

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Cable Modem Bandwidth Utilization


Activating the Modern Return Plant
1 MHz

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

13

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Cable Telephony
Activating the Modern Return Plant
Drop
Coaxial Distribution AM Fiber Link Transport Headend

Telephone Interface
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
14

Interface
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Cable Telephony Frequency Allocation


Activating the Modern Return Plant
50 kHz

1 Voice Channel = 50kHz

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

15

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Cable Telephony Bandwidth Utilization


Activating the Modern Return Plant
240 Channels in 12MHz

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

16

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Status Monitoring
Activating the Modern Return Plant
Drop
Coaxial Distribution AM Fiber Link Transport Headend

Monitoring System
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
17

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Status Monitoring Frequency Allocation


Activating the Modern Return Plant
29.8MHz Typical

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

18

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Status Monitoring Bandwidth Utilization


Activating the Modern Return Plant
250 kHz

5 MHz

29.8MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

19

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Interactive Services
Activating the Modern Return Plant
Drop
Coaxial Distribution AM Fiber Link Transport Headend

Video Server

Digital Settop Terminal


Wednesday, September 18, 1996
20

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Interactive Services Frequency Allocation


Activating the Modern Return Plant

Signaling Channel

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

One or more channels Frequency Agile


Wednesday, September 18, 1996
21

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Interactive Services Bandwidth Utilization


Activating the Modern Return Plant
1.0 MHz

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

22

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Current Bandwidth Utilization


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Interactive Services Cable Modem RF-IPPV Status Monitoring Telephony

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

23

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Proposed Bandwidth Allocation


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Status Monitoring Cable Modem Interactive Services

RF-IPPV

Telephony

5 MHz

10 MHz

15 MHz

20 MHz

25 MHz

30 MHz

35 MHz

40 MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

24

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Bandwidth Limitations
Activating the Modern Return Plant

Return

Forward

5MHz

40MHz

54MHz

750MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

25

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Segmented Reverse
Activating the Modern Return Plant Coaxial Distribution Fiber Rx Diplex Filter

Fiber Cable

Reverse Fiber Tx
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
26

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Block Conversion
Activating the Modern Return Plant
54 MHz 750 MHz
Block Converter Reverse Block 5 - 40MHz

Optical Receiver

Optical Transmitter

Combiner

Block Converter Reverse Block 5 - 40MHz

75
35 MHz

40
35 MHz

Upstream Blocks 5 - 40 MHz 40 - 75 MHz 75 - 110 MHz 110 - 145 MHz


27

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

High-End Return
Activating the Modern Return Plant

Forward

Return

50 MHz

735 MHz

900 MHz

1 GHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

28

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Thermal Noise

Activating the Modern Return Plant

RF Carrier Noise Energy

Carrier-to-Noise Ratio

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

29

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Noise Accumulation: Forward


Activating the Modern Return Plant 4 5

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

30

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Noise Accumulation: Return


Activating the Modern Return Plant

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

31

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Managing Thermal Noise


Activating the Modern Return Plant

Return Combining Network

Noise Return Transmitters

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

32

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

RF Ingress

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Potential Ingress Sources


Civil Air Patrol Civil Air Patrol

Land Mobile
HAM 40 M HAM 20 M HAM 15 M
Land Mobile

HAM

5.0MHz
Sub-Split Return Spectrum
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
33

HAM

CB

40MHz

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Non-RF Ingress
Electrical switches

Power line conducted emissions and noise

Household electric motor noise

Electrostatic discharge

Industrial electric motor noise

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

34

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Ingress Causes
Reports of 70 to 90% caused by drops and house wiring.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Drop

10 to 30% caused by coaxial plant problems.


Wednesday, September 18, 1996
35

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Drop Cable

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Worse
Transfer Impedance 100 mW/m
60% Braid

60/40 Quad Headend Quad

Better

Frequency 0 mW/m

0MHz
Wednesday, September 18, 1996

50MHz
36

1GHz
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

RF Egress

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Potential for Harmful Interference


Civil Air Patrol Civil Air Patrol

Land Mobile
HAM 40 M HAM 20 M HAM 15 M
Land Mobile

HAM

5.0MHz
Sub-Split Return Spectrum
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
37

HAM

CB

40MHz

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Rules on Interference
Activating the Modern Return Plant

Concerned with harmful interference


Radio navigation Safety of life and protection of property Radiocommunication services System Operator must eliminate the problem immediately

Measures include service or even system shutdown

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

38

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Summary

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Bandwidth is limited and must be carefully managed


Thermal Noise is a natural phenomenon and must be managed Ingress points must be located and eliminated on a continuous basis Egress must be tracked down and eliminated to prevent interference with radio communications

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

39

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Headend First tap Closer to headend Short drop Small house Three outlets

Basic Network

End of line Far from Headend Large house Two outlets

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

40

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Modulator Pad

Headend

RF Carriers Same Amplitude

To Distribution

Combiner
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
41

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Forward AM Fiber Links


Forward Rx Fiber To Distribution

Forward Tx

From Headend

Signal Input

Signal Output

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

42

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Forward Unity Transmission


Condition Established

Gain = Loss

+24 -24 0
+24 -24

From Headend

+24

+24 -24

+24 -24

Condition Repeated Output Level Input Level

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

43

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Basic Forward Amplifier


Output Test Point

Input Test Point

PAD

EQ

Input Amp

Interstage Section

Output Amp

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

44

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


+24 1 -24

Amplifier Spacing
+24

Normal Spacing

Obstacle (Water)

+24
1 -19

+24
2

Short Spacing

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

45

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Attenuation 24dB - 19dB = 5dB
Input Test Point

Amplifier Pad
Amplifier Output 11dBmV + 24dB = 35dBmV +24dB

-19dB

Input Amp

Desired Input = 11dBmV Input = 16dBmV

Amplifier Input 16dBmV - 5dB = 11dBmV

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

46

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Amplifier Pad Application


Pad: 24 - 12 - 11 = 1 Input: 35 - 12 - 11 - 1 = 11 +24 5

35dBmV 11dBmV From Headend +24 1 -24

Pad: 24 - 24 = 0 Input: 35 - 24 = 11 +24 2 -20 +24

-11

Pad: 24 - 22 = 2 Input: 35 - 22 - 2 = 11 +24 -12 4 -22

Pad: 24 - 20 = 4 Input: 35 - 20 - 4 = 11 Forward Pad used to achieve same input level on all amplifiers

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

47

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Forward Amplifier Equalizer


Output Test Point

Input Test Point

PAD

EQ

Input Amp

Interstage Section

Output Amp

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

48

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Cable Attenuation vs. Frequency


Activating the Modern Return Plant
1 2 4 Attenuation Factor 8 16

4 x Frequency = 2 x Attenuation

Frequency in MHz 5 20 80 320


49

1280
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Cable Loss Ratio

Flat Test Signal Cable = 24dB at 800MHz 6dB

24dB

50

800

50 MHz 0.25 800 MHz and 0.25 x 24dB 6dB

50

800

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

50

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Equalizer Attenuation Curve


Equalizer

Attenuation

Cable Equalizer + Cable

Frequency in MHz 50 100 200 400


51

800
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

Activating the Modern Return Plant


6dB 8.5dB 19dB

Equalizer Function
Cable Attenuation
12dB

Equalizer Attenuation

16.5dB 13dB

17dB

8dB

24dB 1dB

25dB 100MHz

25dB 200MHz

25dB 400MHz

25dB 800MHz
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

50MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

52

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Equalizer Function

6dB

24dB

Equalizer 24dB 800MHz

25dB

25dB

50

800

50

800

Equalizer Input Equalizer Reference Frequency

Equalizer Output

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

53

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Pad and Equalizer Practice


+24 Includes EQ Loss 5 -11 +24 -24 2 Pad: EQ : Input: -20 +24 -12 3 -22 Pad: EQ : Input: 4 Pad: EQ : Input: +24 Pad: EQ : Input:

35dBmV 11dBmV From Headend +24 1 Pad: EQ : Input:

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

54

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Transition to Tapped Feeder

35dBmV 11dBmV From Headend +24 1 -24 +24 2 -20

18 + 30 = 48dBmV
+24 3 -17 +30 4

35 - 17 = 18dBmV

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

55

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Equal Loss Signal Splitting

48dBmV -4 -4 -2 -4 -4 -2 -4 -4 -2 -4 -4 -2 -4 -4 -2 -4 -4

44dBmV

38dBmV

32dBmV

26dBmV

20dBmV

14dBmV

Distribution System with equal loss taps


Unacceptable amplitude differences Inefficient signal distribution

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

56

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Equal Loss Distribution


Attenuation: (5 x 1) + (5 x 2) + 17 = 32dB
Amplitude: 48dBmV - 32dB = 16dBmv

48dBmV -1 32 -2 -1 29 -2 -1 26 -2 -1 23 -2 -1 20 -2 -1 17

16dBmV

16dBmV

16dBmV

16dBmV

16dBmV

16dBmV

Distribution System with selectable attenuation


Equal amplitude at all subscriber connections Equal attenuation to all subscriber connections Feeder amplitude preserved for additional distribution
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
57

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Summary

All signals aligned to common amplitude at Headend


The Forward Fiber Link provides transparent transport The Coaxial Trunk system provides Unity Transmission

The Coaxial Feeder provides equal distribution of available signal


Wednesday, September 18, 1996
58

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Headend First tap Closer to headend Short drop Small house Three outlets

Basic Return Network

Sources

End of line Far from Headend Large house Two outlets

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

59

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Modulator Pad

Signal Combining

RF Carriers Same Amplitude

To Distribution

Combiner
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
60

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Return Path as a Combiner


HFC Network Source Source Source Source

Combiner
Common Test Point
Source Source Source Source

Objective: Achieve desired amplitude and quality at common test point.


Wednesday, September 18, 1996

Settops
61

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Signal Combining at the Home


Cable Modem TV 1 +55 dBmV TV 2
10 @ 1.67 = -.17dB

+55 dBmV

-5.5dB

+55 dBmV
35 @ 1.67 = -.58dB 75 @ 1.67 = -1.25dB

49.3 48.9

48.3

Wednesday, September 18, 1996 1 2 3

62

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Terminal Calibration
Cable Modem TV 1 +54 dBmV TV 2
10 @ 1.67 = -.17dB

+55 dBmV

-5.5dB

+54.4 dBmV
35 @ 1.67 = -.58dB 75 @ 1.67 = -1.25dB

48.3 48.3 48.3

Wednesday, September 18, 1996 1 2 3

63

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Attenuation: 32dB

Combining in the Feeder Plant


Attenuation: (5 x 1) + (5 x .5) + 17 = 24.5dB -1 -1 -.5 29 -.5 -1 26 -.5 -1 23 -.5 -1 20 -.5 -1 17

32

48dBmV 1

48dBmV 2

48dBmV

48dBmV

48dBmV 5

48dBmV 6

3 4 Reverse Amplifier Input 1: 16.0dBmV 4: 20.5dBmV

4 5 6 1 2 3

2: 17.5dBmV
3: 19.0dBmV

5: 22.0dBmV
6: 23.5dBmV
64

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Attenuation: 32dB

Traditional Concept
Attenuation: (5 x 1) + (5 x .5) + 17 = 24.5dB -1 -1 -.5 26 -.5 -1 23 -.5 -1 20 -.5 -1 17

-1 32 -.5

29

48dBmV

46.5dBmV

45dBmV

43.5dBmV

42dBmV

40.5dBmV

1 2 3 4 5 6

Terminal output adjusted to compensate for path conditions

Reverse Amplifier Input = 16dBmV


Wednesday, September 18, 1996
65

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Attenuation: 32dB

Unity Loss in Return Path


Attenuation: (5 x 1) + (5 x .5) + 17 + 7.5 = 32dB Return Path Pad

-1 32 0 -.5

-1 29 -1.5 -.5

-1 26 -3 -.5

-1 23 -.5 -4.5

-1 20 -6 -.5

-1 17 -7.5

48 dBmV 1

48 dBmV 2

48 dBmV 3

48 dBmV 4

48 dBmV 5

48 dBmV 6

Reverse Amplifier Input Uniform at 16.0dBmV


Wednesday, September 18, 1996

Maximum output level for best carrier/interference ratio


66

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Splitters and DCs in the Return Path


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Total Attenuation always = 32dB Amplifier Input Always = 16dBmV
1

-1
14 -.5 -5.5

-1
11 -7 -.5 8 -8.5

Values are arbitrary examples

-.5

48 dBmV

48 dBmV

48 dBmV

-1
32 0 -.5

-1
29 -1.5 -.5

-1
26 -3

-8
-.5

-1
23

7 -.5 -4.5

-1
20 -6

8 -.5

-1
17

-7.5

48 dBmV

48 dBmV

48 dBmV

48 dBmV

48 dBmV

48 dBmV

6
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

67

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Basic Reverse Amplifier


Diplexer
Output Test Point

Diplexer

Input Test Point

PAD

EQ

Input Amp

Interstage Section

Output Amp

-20dB Test

PAD

EQ

Rvrs Amp

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

-20dB Rev Inj

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

68

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Pads and EQs


Diplexer
Output Test Point

Diplexer

Input Test Point

PAD

EQ

Input Amp

Interstage Section

Output Amp

-20dB Test

PAD

EQ

Rvrs Amp

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

-20dB Rev Inj

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

69

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Pad Application


Amplifier #3 Input

To Headend

+10
1

+10 -5
2

+10 -5 -1
3

+10 -4 -8 -2 +10
B A

Gain vs Attenuation Path A = 10 - (4 + 1) = 5dB

Path B = 10 - (2 + 8) = 0dB
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
70

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Pad Application (cont)


Amplifier #3 Input

A To Headend +10
1

B 5dB Pad +10 -5 -1


3

+10 -5
2

+10 -4 -8 -2 +10
B A

Attenuation vs Gain Path A = 10 - (4 + 1 + 5) = 0dBmV Path B = 10 - (2 + 8 + 0) = 0dBmV 0dB Pad

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

71

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Pad Exercise


EQ

+10dB

PAD

-1dB

Reverse Amp A

+10dB

PAD

EQ

-4dB

+10dB -1dB

PAD

EQ

Reverse Amp B

Reverse Amp C

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

72

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Unity Transmission


Gain = Loss

+6 -6 0
+6 -6
4 3

Condition Established

To Headend

+6
1

+6 -6
2

+6 -6

Condition Repeated Output Level Input Level

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

73

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Equalizers
Diplexer
Output Test Point

Diplexer

Input Test Point

PAD

EQ

Input Amp

Interstage Section

Output Amp

-20dB Test

PAD

EQ

Rvrs Amp

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

-20dB Test

-20dB Rev Inj

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

74

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Cable Attenuation vs. Frequency


Activating the Modern Return Plant
1 2 4 Attenuation Factor 8 16

4 x Frequency = 2 x Attenuation

Frequency in MHz 5 20 80 320


75

1280
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Cable Loss Ratio

Flat Test Signal Cable = 24dB at 800MHz 6dB

24dB

50

800

50 MHz 0.25 800 MHz and 0.25 x 24dB 6dB

50

800

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

76

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Equalizer Attenuation Curve


Equalizer

Attenuation

Cable Equalizer + Cable

Frequency in MHz 5 10 15 20
77

40
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

Activating the Modern Return Plant


2.1dB 3dB 4.9dB

Reverse Equalizer Function


Cable Attenuation
4dB

Equalizer Attenuation

4.3dB

2.7dB

6dB 1dB

7dB 10MHz

7dB 20MHz

7dB 40MHz
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

5MHz

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

78

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Equalizer Function

2dB

6dB

Equalizer 6.0dB 40MHz

7dB

7dB

40 Equalizer Input

40 Equalizer Output

Equalizer Reference Frequency

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

79

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Pad and EQ Practice


+10 Includes EQ Loss -2 Pad: EQ : Atten:

To Headend

+10 -6

+10 -5 Pad: EQ : Atten:

+10 -8 -1 -5

+10

Pad: EQ : Atten:

Pad: EQ : Atten:

Pad: EQ : Atten:

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

80

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse AM Fiber Links


Reverse Tx Fiber From Distribution

Reverse Rx

To Headend

Signal Output

Signal Input

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

81

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Summary

All paths must have equal attenuation


Reverse signals must be maintained at the highest possible levels

40MHz signals experience only about one fourth the cable attenuation of 750MHz signals
Passive devices attenuate forward and reverse signals approximately the same

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

82

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Early Return Path Application


Subscribers view local video on Forward Path channel

Return Path Channel translated to Forward Path channel

T9

Video/Audio returned to headend on Return Path channel


Wednesday, September 18, 1996
83

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Basic Alignment Technique

Technician 2 Informs Tech 1 of results

Technician 1 Injects calibrated test signal Selects Pads and EQs Signal Source

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

84

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Improved Alignment Technique


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Technician views analyzer display on TV and makes adjustments to Return Path

Return Path signal displayed on analyzer

Signal Source

2
Spectrum Analyzer Baseband Video Camera output modulated to Forward Path channel Wednesday, September 18, 1996

Camera views analyzer display

85

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Sweeping vs Balancing
Broadband Sweeping

Balancing with two carriers

Only two reference points visible

Hundreds of reference points

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

86

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Reverse Sweep Equipment

Headend Unit

Field Unit

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

87

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Typical Sweep Display


Ref Lvl +20dBmV

5db/Div

5MHz
Wednesday, September 18, 1996
88

40MHz
GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Return Path Activation Steps

Install sweep system headend unit


Configure sweep equipment Install and Align Reverse Fiber Link Install and Align reverse amplifiers in sequence, from first to last

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

89

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


Combining Network

Installing the 3ST Transmitter

Sweep Signal -10 to -12dB Telemetry Signal -5dB Return Signal Break-out

Forward Laser

Fiber Out

Input -10dBmV to +10dBmv

Diplex Filter H / L in

Return Path Receiver Fiber In

out

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

90

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Configuring the 3ST Transmitter


Activating the Modern Return Plant

Enable Reverse Sweep


Select Reverse Telemetry Carrier Frequency

Create a Reverse Sweep Plan


Select a Reverse Sweep Plan

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

91

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Sweeping a Fiber Node


Forward Test Point Forward Receiver

Fiber In

H From System L

Fiber Out

Reverse Transmitter

in External RF In

out

Fiber node

3SR

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

92

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant


-11dB Return Signal Break-out

Reverse Fiber Receivers


+24dBmV -8dB -0.5 Return Signal Combiner Return Path Receiver Fiber In Return Path Receiver Fiber In Return Path Receiver Fiber In Return Path Receiver Fiber In

-0.5

-0.5 +3.5dBmV

Diplex Filter H / L in

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

93

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Inboard Test Points


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Forward Test Point

Coaxial Cable L L

H Coaxial Cable

in Two-way Amplifier with Test Point Inboard of Diplex Filter 3SR

out

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

94

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Outboard Test Points


Activating the Modern Return Plant
Forward Test Point

Coaxial Cable L L

Coaxial Cable NS-6 in Two-way Amplifier with Test Point Outboard of Diplex Filter 3SR Wavetek Model 3ST Operating Guide Section 5.1.3 out

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

95

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

Activating the Modern Return Plant

Summary

Understand your Return Path application


Know the design specifications Install and configure the sweep system headend equipment

Align the Reverse Fiber Links for uniform receiver output


Align the coaxial plant to have least impact on transmitted signals

Wednesday, September 18, 1996

96

GTS Enterprises, Inc.

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