Parallelogram- is a quadrilateral whose

opposite sides are parallel.

1. Use the lines of a graph paper as a guide
to draw a pair of parallel lines (at least
7cm apart).
2. Use the parallel edges of your straight
edge or the point on a graph paper to
make a parallelogram. Name your
parallelogram CUTE.

C U
E
T




C U
E
T
3. Use a protractor to measure Z C. then
calculate the measures of the other angles.
Compare each pair of opposite sides.
Complete: each pair of opposite sides of a
parallelogram is _____________.

4. Find the sum of the ,measures of each pair of
consecutive angles in your parallelogram.
Complete: each pair of consecutive angles of a
parallelogram is ___________.
5. Use your compass to compare the
lengths of the opposite sides of your
parallelogram.
Complete: the opposite sides of a
parallelogram are__________.
6. Draw diagonals CT and EU. Name the
intersection of the two diagonals as
point K. is CK=TK? Is EK=UK?
Complete: is CK=TK, then K is the
_________ of diagonal CT.

Developing Skills
A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with both pairs of
opposite sides parallel. In ABCD, if AB and CD are
parallel to each other (that is, AB || CD) and if AD
and BC are also parallel to each other (that is, AD
|| BC), then the quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
A parallelogram has several properties. In the
getting ready section, you may have discovered
some of these properties. These, together with
other properties are stated in the following
theorems. The next five theorems give the
characteristics of a parallelogram.


Theorem 4.21

-Each diagonal of a parallelogram divides the parallelogram
into two congruent triangles.



































































Given : ABCD is a parallelogram.
AC is a diagonal

PROOF:


Statements
1. ABCD is a
parallelogram
2. AB || DC, AD ||
BC

Prove : AABC ~ A CDA
Reasons
1. Given
2. Definition of a
parallelogram


3. Z1 ~ Z2 3. The PAIC
theorem.
4. Z3 ~ Z4 4. The PAIC Theorem
5. AC ~ AC 5. Reflexive Property
6. AABC ~ ACDA 6. ASA Postulate

The proof stating that diagonal BD divides the
parallelogram into two congruent triangles
can be proven using similar a method.

The other characteristics of parallelogram can
be derived from the fact that corresponding
parts of congruent triangles are congruent.
Theorem 4.22

- It means opposite sides of a
parallelogram are congruent.

- From the proof of Theorem 4.21, AB ~
CD and AD ~ CB by CPCTC.
Theorem 4.23
- Opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent.


- From the proof of Theorem 4.21, ZB ~ ZD
by CPCTC. If diagonal BD is used, then ZA ~
ZC, also by CPCTC.
Theorem 4.24
Any two consecutive angles of a
parallelogram are supplementary.

Any of the sides of a parallelogram can be
used as a transversal, therefore, any two
consecutive angles of a parallelogram are
interior angles on the same side of the
transversal. Hence, the two consecutive
angles are supplementary.
Theorem 4.25
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each
other.

Given : ABCD is a parallelogram. Prove : AQ ~
CQ
AC and BD are the diagonals. BQ ~ DQ

Proof : Statements Reasons
1. ABCD is a parallelogram 1. Given
2. AB || DC 2. Definition of
parallelogram.
3. Z1, Z2, Z3 ~ Z4 3. The PAIC Theorem
4. AB ~ CD 4. Opposite sides of a
shape are ~.
5. AABQ ~ ACDQ 5. ASA Postulate
6. AQ ~ CQ, BQ ~ DQ 6. CPCTC

- To Summarize, the following are the properties of a
parallelogram.
1.Opposite sides are congruent.
AB ~ CD, AD ~ CB
2. Opposite angles are congruent.
Z A ~ ZC, ZB ~ ZD


3.Any two congruent consecutive angles are
supplementary.
ZA and ZB are supplementary;
ZB and ZC are supplementary;
ZC and ZD are supplementary; and
ZA and ZD are supplementary;

4. Diagonals bisects each other.
AP ~ CP, BP ~ DP

In the figure at the right, SAIN is a parallelogram, AI
= 40, SI = 52, and m Z SAI = 82.

a. SN c. m Z INS
b. ST d. m Z ASN

Solution :
a. Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
AI and SN are opposite sides.
AI = 40, so SN = 40


T
b. The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
AN and SI bisect each other.
SI =52, so ST

c. Opposite angles of a parallelogram are congruent.
ZSAI and ZINS are opposite angles.
mZSAI = 82, so mZINS = 82.

d. Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are
supplementary.
ZSAI and ZASN are consecutives angles.
mZSAI = 82, so mZASN = 180 82 = 98.


Complete each statement about parallelogram
PIET. Name the theorem or definition that
justifies your answer.

a. TY ~ ________
b. TE || _______
c. CZPIE ~ _______
d. PT ~ __________
e. ZIPT and _______ are supplementary angles.
f. APIE ~ __________

Answers :

a. IY ; Diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
b. PI ; Opposite sides of a parallelogram are parallel.
c. ZETP ; Opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent.
d. EI ; Opposite sides of a parallelogram are
congruent.
e. ZPTE ; Consecutive angles of a parallelogram are
supplementary.
f. AETP ; Diagonal divides the parallelogram into two
congruent triangles.
In parallelogram VICE, VI = 2m + 5, m ZIVC =
2n, m ZI = 110, m ZCVE = 25, and CE = 23. find
the values of m and n.

Solution :
Draw parallelogram VICE as shown at the right.
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
Since VI and EC are opposite sides, then VI = CE,
so 2m + 5 = 23 or m = 9.


Since consecutive angles of a parallelogram
are supplementary.
ZI and ZV (m ZV = m ZIVC + m ZCVE) are
consecutive angles, and then m ZI + m ZIVC
+ m ZCVE = 180
110 + 2n + 25 = 180
n = 22.5.
UNIT is a parallelogram with UN = x + 3, NI =
17, and UT = x 3. what is the perimeter of the
parallelogram?

Solution :
Draw and mark the parallelogram as shown at the
right.
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.
UN and TI are opposite sides.
UT and NI are opposite sides.

UT = NI, so x 3 = 17 or x = 20
UN = x + 3, so UN = 20 + 3 or 23
Thus, IT = 23.
Perimeter of UNIT = UN + NI + IT + TU
= 23 + 17 + 23 + 17
= 80
Example 5
Write a two column proof.
Given : PEDC and PRIL are parallelograms.
Prove : ZI ~ ZD

Proof : Statement
1. PEDC and PRIL are
parallelograms
2. ZI ~ ZP, ZP ~ ZD


3. ZI ~ ZD
Reasons
1. Given

2. Opposite angle of a
parallelogram are
congruent.
3. Transitive Property
Additional Information


Problem Solving
Vocabulary and Concepts
Tell whether each statement is TRUE or FALSE.

1. SO~ SR 6. SO||BE
2. SE OB 7. ZO~ZE
3. mZSOE=1/2mZSOB 8. mZS+mZE=180
4. ZSEO=ZBOE 9. ER=1/2EO
5. BEBO
10. R is the midpoint of OE

Use the properties of a parallelogram to answer
each.
1. the measure of one angle of parallelogram is
52. find the measures of the other angles.
Two opposite angles of a parallelogram have
measures 4x and 2(x+20), respectively. Find the
measures of the angles.
Two consecutive angles of a parallelogram have
measures 2(3x+20) and 4(x+5), respectively. Find
the measures of the angles.
The perimeter of a parallelogram VAIN is 60 cm. if
VA is 6cm longer that AI, find the length of the
sides of the parallelogram.

References
E- Math Geometry Revised
edition

Orlando A. Oronce
Marilyn O. Mendoza

Expenses / Participation
23 expenses
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Highlights or Trivia question
What is a quadrilateral with both pair of
opposite sides parallel.
=parallelogram