A Calibration Graph Experiment 11

Introduction
Purpose: To build a calibration graph and use it to determine concentration. Calibration graph Used to determine concentration of an unknown solution by measuring the absorption of a solution with a known concentration. the solution we will be using today is CuSO4.5H20

Absorption
Absorption is directly proportional to concentration. Absorption Light is passed through a solution, at a particular wavelength. The instrument used to measure absorption is a spectrophotometer. The device measures the intensity of light after it has been projected through a sample.

Review
Solute Vs. Solvent Molarity Concentration M = moles/L of Solution moles= grams/mw 1L = 1000ml

Review # 2
# moles in 35 grams of NaCl ?
35g NaCl 1mole NaCl .60 moles NaCl 1 58g NaCl

What would be the concentration if we placed that .60 mol of NaCl into 1L of water? M=mol/L = .60moles/1L thus .6M NaCl Note: does not always have to be 1 L

Making our calibration graph

Obtain and crush a small amount of CuSO4.5H20
Measure accurately 0.04grams of CuSO4.5H20 Obtain, clean, and label 4 small beakers A-D Obtain 1 small graduated cylinder In beaker A add your CuSO4 and 20 ml of Di. water Under the hood add 8 drops of NH4OH Mix Carefully

 In B add 10 ml of cylinder A + 10ml of Di water plus 8 drops of NH4OH In Cylinder C add 10 ml of cylinder B + 10 ml of water plus 8 drops of NH4OH In Cylinder D add 10 ml of cylinder C + 10 ml of water plus 8 drops of NH4OH Each cylinder is the concentration of the previous cylinder. Each cylinder will be a lighter shade of blue.

How to determine absorbance

Set wavelength to 610nm and follow the directions on the spec 20. Transfer a portion of your sample to test tube one for each cylinder. Determine the absorbance for each sample.

My Trial
I Used 0.040g of CuSO4.5H20 so grams / 20 mL = 0.040g and grams /20 mL X10+2 = 4.0 my second sample is of the CuSO4 from sample #1 thus 0.020 g my third sample of the CuSO4 from sample # 2 thus 1.00X10- 2 g

Chart on pg 152
G/20 mL. Is asking for how many grams you used. For my trial 0.040g

G/20 mL.X 10 +2 = 4.0g

Chart on pg 152 Continued

For M convert to G/20 mL M/L
0.04g CuSO4.5H2O 1000mL 1mol CuSO4.5H 2O 20 mL 1L 249.60g =M

= 8.0 X10 -3 moles CuSO4 / 1L M X 103 = 8.0

How To make a Graph using Excel

1. Type in Data X data first 2. Highlight data 3. Click on Chart Wizard

4. Use X-Y scatter

5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Pick type of graph you want to use Click next Add Title and Units for X and Y Add trend line if required. Add your name date and section to the worksheet.

Independent Vs. Dependent Variables

Independent variable We can change this variable.

Graphed on X axis.
Dependent variable - We cannot change this variable. We measure the dependent variable as the independent changes. Graphed on Y axis.
Title of graph should be Independent Vs. Dependent

How to place equation of line on graph

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Right click on line Click on add trend line Click on linear Click on options Click on Display equation on chart

Graph #1

Lou Tisone 116-30

Molarity Vs. Absorbance

y = 0.0325x + 0.0505

Absorbance

0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 5 10 15 Molarity (m ol/L)X10+2

Graph #2

Lou Tisone 116-30

g/20ml Vs. Absorbance

y = 0.0649x + 0.0516
Absorbance

0.6 0.4 0.2 0 0 2 4 g/20ml X10+2 6 8

y=mx +b
If given absorbance (y-axis) and need concentration solve for (x)

y mx b y-b x m

To Determine M X 10 +3
My absorbance = .448

(from graph)

The equation of graph # 1

Y= 0.0325X + 0.0505

Put abs in for Y and solve for X

.448 0.0505 X 12.20M 0.0325
To determine M simply x10-3 This is M X 10 +3

1.22X10-2 M

Due Next Week

Calculate mol and M for each sample. Complete chart on page 152 and questions 1a-d Question # 2 Two computerized graphs are required (1) Absorbance Vs. Grams/20mL X10+2 (2) Absorbance Vs. Molarity X10+3 Place equation of line on graph