VISAK N KUMAR 7619 IT-7 YCET

WHAT IS HOTSPOT?
Developed to assist on field umpires Scientifically proven method IR camera used to create image Point of contact of ball with bat, pad, glove or body is highlighted Point of contact is made bright, rest of the image is darker.

HISTORY
Hot Spot uses technology developed in the military for tank and jet fighter tracking The technology was adapted for television by BBG Sports Snickometer was previous option Hawk Eye Emerged into the scene

FIELD IMPLEMENTATION
Two Infrared cameras positioned at either end of the ground IR cameras monitors the action Friction creates temporary heat Heat dissipates quickly Real time heat images are obtained

BEHIND THE SCENE ??

IR IMAGING
Every object above absolute zero emits radiations Precise sensors are used Radiations are converted into thermal images

PRINCIPLE IN HOTSPOT
Basic

principle is IMAGE SUBTRACTION followed by

THRESHOLDING

IMAGE SUBTRACTION
Powerful method to compare to complex images Two images are aligned and subtracted Difference in image is enhanced Q( i, j ) = P1( i, j ) P2( i, j )

IMAGE THRESHOLDING

Used to extract object from background Proper thresholding level is selected Image is converted to binary Y= W IF X>T 0 OTHERWISE

W= 255 T = thresholding value X = Pixel value

THRESHOLDING

SELECTION OF THRESHOLDING LEVEL

Using

ITERATIVE method Using MEAN or MEDIAN method Using VALLEY POINT

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ITERATIVE METHOD
1.

2.
a)

Initial threshold (T) is chosen. The image is segmented into object and background pixels

G1 = {F(M,N):F(M,N)>T} (Object Pixels) b) G2 = {F(M,N):F(M,N)<=T} (Background Pixels)

3.
a)

Average of each set is computed

M1 = AVERAGE VALUE OF G1 b) M2 = AVERAGE VALUE OF G2

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ITERATIVE METHOD(CONT..)
A new threshold is created that is the average of M1 and M2 T = (M1 + M2)/2 5. Go back to step 2, now using the new threshold value computed in step 4 Keep repeating until the new threshold matches the one before
4.

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THRESHOLDING BY MEDIAN METHOD

Basically a statistical method All pixels are arranged in increasing/decreasing order Median value of the array is chosen as thresholding level

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ILLUSTRATION (Odd number of values)

1 2 6 5 3 9 8 4 7

The pixel values are arranged in increasing order as shown

12345678 9

From observation, median value is 5 Thus 5 is chosen as the Thresholding value

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ILLUSTRATION(Even number of values)

1 3 10 2 9 11 15 12 The pixel values6are arranged in increasing order as 13 shown 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1014 12 13 14 15 16 11 8 16 7 4

From observation, middle most terms are 8 and 9 (8+9)/2=8.5 Thus 8.5 is chosen as the Thresholding value
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MEAN METHOD

Average value of pixels is calculated and chosen as thresholding value

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ILLUSTRATION

Consider the matrix

1 2 6 5 3 9 8 4 7

Mean value = (1+3+4+2+9+7+6+8+5)/9 So mean value is 5 Thus 5 is the thresholding point

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Histogram Valley Point

Numbe r * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

* * * * * * * 0

Gray level 18

IR IMAGING APPLICATIONS
Electrical System Mechanical System Home energy audits Search and rescue

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ADVANTAGES

Hot Spot has two main advantages over its competing technology, the Snickometer, which is a sounddetection based system. Snickometer often produces inconclusive results indicating contact (potentially any combination of bat, pad and ball) only, whereas the Hot Spot clearly shows exactly what the ball strikes
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DISADVANTAGES

Hotspot technology, even though claimed to be extremely accurate, is not used in many matches. The main reason for this is its expense: $6000 per day for the use of two cameras and $10000 for the use of four cameras.

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CONCLUSION
Technology has world wide appreciation 100 % Efficient results are obtained using hotspot Expected to reach more shores in future

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THANK YOU