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Examples of
Your Seals
Commissioning
Procedure
Installation Test
Dismantling and
Re-assembling
C D B A
47
Hydrocarbon Contamination
■ Oil from bearings
➤ Ensure barrier seal is fitted between seal
and bearings
➤ Ensure barrier gas is switched on before
49
Other Contaminants
■ Water - corrosion of metal and carbide
➤ drop-out from process gas, often at
pressurised stand-still conditions
■ Chloride Corrosion
➤ salt water entrained in process gas
50
Liquid Contamination
51
Other Causes of Failure
■ Reverse Rotation
➤ face contact can occur
➤ bi-directional seal (Type 28BD) can be
supplied
➤ occasional low speed acceptable with
pressure
➤ consider pressurised double seal
52
Other Causes of Failure
■ Incorrect Fitting
➤ axial alignment (working length ± 0.5
mm)
◆ rotor in correct position
◆ accurate shims
➤ explosive decompression
53
Mating Rings
Contact Damage
Not acceptable.
Must be replaced.
Investigate HOW / WHY?
54
Mating Rings
55
Mating Rings
56
Mating Ring Contact - Causes
57
Mating Ring Contact - Causes
Reverse pressure
Hang-up
Chips x
Heat Checking
62
Mating Rings
63
Mating Rings
Pitting
Chloride attack on
Tungsten Carbide
65
Mating Rings - Chloride Attack
66
Mating Rings
Groove Deposits
68
Primary Ring
Contact
Contact is unacceptable.
Can cause excessive heat,
melting the metal filler in
the carbon.
Must be replaced.
Investigate HOW / WHY?
69
Primary Ring
Showing Inside Diameter Primary Ring/Mating Ring
Contact
70
Primary Ring Damage
72
Primary Ring
Normal Wear
Acceptable
“scuffing” marks.
Radial scratches
must be lapped
out.
73
Cosmetic Marks
74
Cosmetic Marks
75
Cosmetic Marks
76
Cosmetic Marks
77
Primary Ring
Radial Cracks
78
Primary Ring
Chipping
Blend
80
Chips
Oil Blisters
Not acceptable.
Must be replaced.
Investigate HOW / WHY?
82
Labyrinth – Chloride Attack
83
Type 28XP Carrier - Contact
84
O-Rings
85
O-Rings
Explosive Decompression
86
O-Rings
Thermal Damage
87
O-Rings
Compression Set
(More common with Perfluoroelastomer
material)
(1 hour at 200°C)
88
Polymer Seals
Better explosive decompression and corrosion resistance
They require careful handling.
89
Polymer Seals
Sliding Damage
Typical of damage to
be found on seal OD
polymer rings in Type
28XP seals.
Must be replaced.
Investigate HOW /
WHY?
90
Polymer Seals
Damaged Spring
Spring holds seal open to
enable pressure to
energise the seal.
Must be replaced.
91
Metal Parts
Check critical areas
Scored Bore (o-ring grooves,
tolerance ring grooves
and landings).
Check compressor
shaft and clean up
carefully.
Check condition of
compressor shaft and
take remedial action.
Replacement is
generally advised
93
Metal Parts
Dents, bumps, hammer marks, distortion
Parallel
Square
Bore must be
perfectly
round
94
Metal Parts
Fretting and Pitting
Must be replaced.
Cleanliness
Accuracy
Time
96
Dry Gas Seals
When:
3. Installing a seal
4. Removing a seal
5. Disassembling a seal
6. Assembling a seal
Cleanliness
Accuracy
Time
Stop!!
98
Apply “CATS” and you can . . .
99
Produced by John Blaber
Technology
Developments
Materials
High Modulus
Good dry friction
Homogeneous material
Good Thermal conductivity
Lower internal stresses
Higher Stability
Fracture Toughness Diamond like coating
102
Cranite Material - Attributes
■ Composite of Silicon Carbide & Carbon
■ High elastic modulus
➤ Reduced radial and toroidal deflections
■ High thermal conductivity
➤ Reduced thermal distortions
■ High stability
➤ Negligible residual distortion
■ Good dry friction
➤ Retains excellent carbon performance
103
Cranite 2000
Desirable Attributes Silicon Existing Cranite
Carbide Carbon 2000
High Modulus
Good dry friction
Homogeneous material
Good Thermal conductivity
Lower internal stresses
Higher Stability
Fracture Toughness Diamond like coating
104
Cranite 2000 - Benefits
■ Higher pressure capability
➤ Controlled face distortion
➤ Controlled radial deflections
➤ Reduced operating gap
➤ Stiffer fluid film
■ Reduced leakage
➤ Highly stable, repeatable at any
pressure
■ Excellent stop/start face
performance
➤ No need for coating 105
CTrans Analysis
Static Leakage up to 250 bar
140
Pressure ( x 10 bar )
120
Leakage ( l/min );
100
80 Carbon
60
Cranite
40
Pressure
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time (sec)
106
Dynamic Tests - Leakage Comparison
120
Leakages / l.min
-1
100 Carbon
80
60 Cranite 2000
40
20
0
20 40 80 120 160 200
Pressure / bar g.
107
Cranite / ADC Dynamic Test
250
Pressure ( bar ) ; Temp (C)
Pressure
200
Leakage ( l/min )
Temp
150
Leakage
100
50
Speed x 100
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Time (min)
108
Cranite Stop-Start & Slow Roll
Tests
■ Over 2100 stop-start cycles ( spring
load )
■ Over 50 hrs slow-roll @ 100 rpm
4000
Speed (rpm)
3000
2000
1000
0
0 5 10 15
Time (min)
109
Improved Silicon Carbide
Material
■ Increased TRS - 25%
■ Increased fracture toughness - 40%
■ Improved availability
■ Adopted as Preferred Standard SiC Q1/99
110
Large Diameter Cranite Seal
Tests
■ 10.375” seal for Nam Groningen
111
Improved Carbon
■ 6 Month Development program
➤ Carbons tested to 250 bar
➤ Residual distortion measured
%
Residual distortion Level
5.437"
7.125"
112
Improved Carbon Material
■ Improved processing
➤ Reduced Prepressurisation
➤ Reduced sensitivity
■ Improved reliability
➤ More stable leakage
➤ Face shadowing eliminated
113
Improved Carbon
■ Tested on pilot jobs Q3/98