Presented by:

Tim O’Brien
Senior Systems Engineer
Fujitsu Software Corporation

Block 1
.NET Technology Overview
Fujitsu Software Corporation

Customer Training Series

Fujitsu Computer Systems

Let us begin…

“A journey of a thousand miles must begin with a single step.”

-Six century B.C. Chinese philosopher Lao Tzu

PAGE 2 Fujitsu Computer Systems

Here we are…
■ Software development of is an industry beset
with incompatibilities
 Different Languages
 Different Operating Systems
 Different Hardware Platforms
 Incompatible APIs
 Shifting Architectural Focus

■ Changes were necessary

 Microsoft’s vision: .NET

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Microsoft has a vision
■ Addresses development issues of the past with
a view toward the future

■ Embodied in Microsoft .NET

■ New way of building applications that leverages

industry standards

■ Makes interoperability a reality

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Microsoft has a vision (Cont…)

■ .NET Framework
 Platform for building and running .NET applications
 Makes development significantly easier
 Streamlines the development process
 Eliminates the most common and debilitating bugs
 Provides a common API for all languages

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Microsoft has a vision (Cont…)
■ Encompasses new trends in software
development
 Distributed computing
 Componentization
 Enterprise services
 Web integration of applications
 Language interoperability

■ Encompasses many standards – SOAP, WSDL,

UDDI, HTTP, HTML, XML

PAGE 6 Fujitsu Computer Systems

About Programming Languages…

■ Microsoft .NET languages

 C#
 VB.NET
 C++
 J#
■ Fujitsu .NET languages
 COBOL
 Fortran

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About our new development world…
■ Visual Studio .NET is the common IDE for all .NET
languages

■ ADO.NET

■ Windows Forms

■ ASP.NET and Web Forms

■ Web Services

■ Smart Devices

PAGE 8 Fujitsu Computer Systems

About our new development world…
(Cont…)
■ .NET is a new Applications Platform
 Development Tools and framework
 Specialized .NET Enterprise Servers such as
 SQL Server
 Biztalk Server
 Commerce Server
 Application Center Server
 Host Integration Server
 Internet Security Server
 Acceleration Server

PAGE 9 Fujitsu Computer Systems

Building Blocks

Visual Studio .NET

.NET Building
.NET Framework NET Enterprise
Block Services
Servers

Operating System on Servers , Desktops, Notebooks and smart devices

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Putting together the puzzle…

NetCOBOL for
VB.NET ADO.NET
.NET

C# ASP.NET C++

. NET
CLR Framework CTS

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Components and Terms…
■ Common Language Specification (CLS)

■ Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)

■ Metadata and Manifest

■ Assemblies (Executables)

■ Global Assembly Cache (GAC)

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Components and Terms… (Cont…)
■ Namespaces

■ Just in Time (JIT) compilers and the Verifier

■ Common Language Runtime (CLR)

■ Managed vs. Unmanaged Code

■ Platform Invocation Services

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Components and Terms… (Cont…)
■ Framework base classes

■ Data and XML Classes

■ Windows Forms

■ Web Forms

■ Web Services

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Common Language Specification (CLS)

■ Supports multiple language integration

■ Specifies a set of common data types

(CTS)

■ Defines rules for external component

accessibility

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CLS (Cont…)
■ Takes full advantage of exceptions, inheritance,
and polymorphism.

■ Provides for automatic garbage collection

■ All .NET compilers must adhere to the CLS and

CTS

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Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL)

■ Abstract intermediate language – a concept

common to many COBOL compilers

■ Similar to an Assembly Language with additional

commands to handle objects

■ All .NET Compilers must produce MSIL

(sometimes called “IL”).

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MSIL – COBOL Source
■ The following example shows a snippet of code from the
MSIL produced by the NetCOBOL compiler for a
HelloWorld example as shown:

IDENTIFICATION
DIVISION.
PROGRAM-ID. MAIN.
ENVIRONMENT DIVISION.

DATA DIVISION.
WORKING-STORAGE
SECTION.
PROCEDURE DIVISION.
.method public hidebysig static int32 Procedure() cil managed
{ .entrypoint
DISPLAY "HELLO // Code size 234 (0xea)
.maxstack 8
WORLD". .locals init (int32 V_0,
END PROGRAM MAIN. class [Fujitsu.COBOL]Fujitsu.COBOL.Runtime.ProgramControl.DisplayInfo[] V_1,

class [Fujitsu.COBOL]Fujitsu.COBOL.Runtime.ProgramControl.DisplayInfo[] V_2,

valuetype [Fujitsu.COBOL]Fujitsu.COBOL.COBOLData V_3)

.try
{
.try
{
IL_0000: ldsfld int32 MAIN::__CompInitialInfo
IL_0005: brtrue.s IL_0017
IL_0007: ldc.i4.0
PAGE 18 Fujitsu Computer Systems
Metadata
■ .NET Executables contain metadata – detailed
descriptions of data types and interfaces

■ This includes descriptions of classes, methods,

properties, fields, events, etc.

■ Metadata allows executables to be truly self-

contained and self-describing

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Metadata (Cont…)
■ Metadata is kind of like a super type library

■ The use of Metadata removes the requirement

to use the Windows registry

■ A vast improvement over COM

■ Aids in language interoperability

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Manifest
■ .NET assemblies also contain a Manifest which
describes everything about the assembly such as files
belonging to that component

 External references to other assemblies and classes

 Permission requests

 Anything else required for component usage

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ILDASM
■ ILDASM –
Intermediate
Language
Disasembler is a
utility that lets you
view metadata.

■ It will also allow

you to see MSIL…

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Application Domains
■ NET Assemblies execute within an
Application Domain

■ Similar to Windows Processes

■ Multiple Application Domains may run

within a single Windows Process

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Application Domains
■ Provides significant scalability

■ Managed code assemblies running under

CLR provides reliability

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Assemblies
■ .NET Executables are called “Assemblies”

■ Assemblies contain a Manifest, Metadata and

MSIL

■ Assemblies may contain a single module or

multiple modules

■ Assemblies may be Static, Dynamic, Private or

Public (Shared)

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Assemblies (Cont…)
■ Assemblies may be versioned allowing multiple
versions of the same named assembly to be
available on the same machine allowing side by
side execution

■ Shared Assemblies must be registered in the

Global Assembly Cache (GAC) at installation
time

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Assemblies (Cont…)
■ Shared Assemblies must be keyed

■ Assemblies may have unique security and

permissions set

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Namespaces
■ Provides a way to group classes logically

■ Adds another level of scoping for classes

■ Allows organization of classes

■ Namespaces may be hierarchical using dots as

separators

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Namespaces (Cont…)
Name Space Contents

System Code data types and auxiliary

classes

System.Collections Hash tables, resizable arrays, and

other containers

System.Net Classes that wrap network

protocols

System.IO Classes for performing file and

stream I/O

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Just in Time (JIT) Compilers
■ Translates MSIL into Machine Code

■ The Verifier first checks type safety at runtime

■ Multiple JIT’s available

■ Native Code produced is cached by default

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Just in Time (JIT) Compilers (Cont…)

■ Typically, only portions of an application that are

referenced are JIT’ed.

■ JIT may thus be incremental throughout the life

of an application

■ .NET comes with Standard JIT, EconoJIT and

PreJit

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Just in Time (JIT) Compilers (Cont…)
■ EconoJit targets small hardware platforms and
does not cache code

■ PreJit may be used to pre-compile applications

to native code and cache such at installation
time (invokes Standard JIT)

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Common Language Runtime (CLR)

■ Loads, manages and executes .NET

executables (assemblies)

■ Activates .NET objects, security checks them,

lays them out in memory, executes them and
garbage collects them

■ Manages JIT of applications

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Managed vs. Unmanaged Code
■ Managed Code is any executable produced by a
.NET Compiler

■ Unmanaged Code is any executable code

produced by a non-.NET compiler such as non-.
NET versions for Fujitsu COBOL

■ .NET Compilers may optionally produce

unmanaged code

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Platform Invocation Services
■ .NET provides Platform Invocation Services to
allow .NET applications (managed code) to call
non-.NET applications and pass data to and
from such

■ .NET Platform Invocation services are known as

“PInvoke”

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Framework Base Classes
■ Important building blocks for .NET applications

■ Includes basic data types

■ System is the root of the .NET base class

Namespace

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Framework Base Classes (Cont…)

■ A large number of these classes are provided.

They include:
 system object
 Collections
 Data
 I/O
 Web and Web Forms
 Windows Forms
 Network
 Win32

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Data and XML Classes
■ System.IO class provides basic file I/O
streaming functionality

■ System.Data class provides ADO.NET relational

database functionality

■ System.Data.OleDb allows for managed

providers to be implemented

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Data and XML Classes (Cont…)

■ System.Data.SqlClient allows for managed

providers using SQL to be implemented

■ System.XML class provides significant XML

functionality

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Windows Forms
■ Easy way to develop graphical user interface
(GUI) Windows Applications

■ Visual Studio .NET provides graphical forms

painter for all integrated .NET languages,
including Fujitsu NetCOBOL

■ Code is automatically generated within the

program source code being edited by the Forms
painter

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Windows Forms (Cont…)
■ Developers may concentrate on writing event
procedures for GUI applications, as opposed to
being forced to write code to actually implement
the GUI controls and related event handling

■ .NET Framework provides System.WinForms

class for Windows Forms

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Web Forms
■ Allows development of ASP.NET pages with
graphical controls and event driven
programming model

■ Visual Studio .NET provides graphical web

forms painter for all integrated .NET languages,
including Fujitsu NetCOBOL

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Web Forms (Cont…)
■ ASP.NET pages containing program code to implement
the desired controls are automatically generated by the
Forms painter

■ Developers may concentrate on writing event procedures

for ASP.NET applications, as opposed to being forced to
write code to actually implement the GUI controls and
related event handling

■ .NET Framework provides System.Web.UI class for Web

Forms

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Web Services
■ Allows access to distributed application
components via standard Web protocols such as
HTTP and SMTP

■ Makes use of SOAP (Simple Object Access

Protocol)

■ Opens up a whole new world of Web based

callable software service components

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Web Services (Cont…)
■ Uses WSDL (Web Services Description
Language) to discover and interface to remote
Web Service components

■ Third Party Web Services already appearing

such as Microsoft’s Passport

■ .NET Framework provides

System.Web.Services framework class

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Visual Studio .NET
■ Visual Studio .NET is the common Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) for all enabled
languages

■ Provides a rich set of tools, including project

management, edit, build and debug, forms
painters, server explorer, etc.

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Visual Studio .NET (Cont…)
■ Same editor and debugger are used across all
enabled .NET languages

■ Substantial integrated Help system documents

the .NET framework and languages

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Questions

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