ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND GLASSES

[MET- 407]
Engr. Tanveer Ahmad

Course Outline
History and classification of ceramic materials traditional Ceramics, Glass-ceramics, Electroceramics, Ceramics Microstructure, Review of Bonding and Structural Principles, Raw Materials Powder Processing, Forming, Densification, Physical, Thermal, electrical and Mechanical Behaviour of ceramics,

 Introduction to Binary Phase Equilibria, Microstructure Development and Properties, Refractories and their applications. Special ceramics, electro ceramics. Types of Glasses, Glass transition, viscoelestic behaviour, glass transition and second order transformation, heat treatment of glasses, glass formability, glass production techniques

Reference Books
M.W.Barsoum, Fundamentals of Ceramics BARRY Carter, Ceramic materials; Sc and tech. Rice, R.W., Ceramic Fabrication Technology Bengisu, M., Engineering Ceramics Richerson, D.W., Modern Ceramic Engineering Terpstra, R. A.Ceramic Processing

 Lee, W.E. Ceramic Microstructures: Property Control by Processing Rawson H Glasses and their Applications

Aim of the Course

What is a ceramic material? What kind of properties? What kind of applications? How do we make ceramic materials? How do we design with ceramics? Build up own database of properties. To examine chemical/physical properties of ceramics To introduce the uses of ceramics To explore concepts and mechanisms of its processing

Intro
Ceramics comes from Greek word keramos, which means potters clay. Ceramics are diverse group of nonmetallic, inorganic solid compounds with a wide variety of compositions and properties. Ceramics are crystalline compounds made up of metallic and nonmetallic compounds with properties that differ from the constituents. Ceramics in the form of pottery are among the oldest products manufactured by humans. Clay is inexpensive material and is found throughout the world. Early clay products were sun dried not fired. Firing as used in pottery dates back to around 2000 to 3000 B.C.

History and Background

Applications date into antiquity - earthenware, pottery, clay product, bricks, etc More modern uses: Transparent glass, structural glass, refractories Advanced uses: Thermal barrier coatings, structural ceramics, composite armor, electronics, glassceramics Ceramics can be Amorphous or Crystalline Atomic structure contains strong Ionic Bonds

What They Are?

A compound of metallic and nonmetallic elements, for which the inter atomic bonding is predominantly ionic. They tend to be oxides, carbides, etc of metallic elements. The mechanical properties are usually good: high strength, especially at elevated temperature. However, they exhibit low to nil-ductility, and have low fracture toughness.

Taxonomy of Ceramics
Glasses Clay products
-optical reinforce -containers/ household
Adapted from Fig. 13.1 and discussion in Section 13.2-6, Callister 7e.

Refractories

Abrasives Cements

Advanced ceramics

-whiteware -bricks for high T

-sandpaper -composites engine -cutting -polishing -structural -rotors -valves -bearings

-composite -bricks

(furnaces)

-sensors

Ceramic Products
Clay construction products - bricks, clay pipe, and
building tile Refractory ceramics - ceramics capable of high temperature applications such as furnace walls, crucibles, and molds Cement used in concrete - used for construction and roads Whiteware products - pottery, stoneware, fine china, porcelain, and other tableware, based on mixtures of clay and other minerals

 Glass - bottles, glasses, lenses, window pane, and light bulbs Glass fibers - thermal insulating wool, reinforced plastics (fiberglass), and fiber optics communications lines Abrasives - aluminum oxide and silicon carbide Cutting tool materials - tungsten carbide, aluminum oxide, and cubic boron nitride

 Ceramic insulators - applications include electrical transmission components, spark plugs, and microelectronic chip substrates Magnetic ceramics example: computer memories Nuclear fuels based on uranium oxide (UO2) Bioceramics - artificial teeth and bones

General Classification of Ceramics

There are various classification systems of ceramic materials, which may be attributed to one of two principal categories: application base system And composition base system

Application based Classification

Composition based