Biometrics (Authentication & Security)

Umesh Sharma

Lets Define !
A biometric is a physiological or behavioral
characteristic of a human being that can distinguish one person from another and that theoretically can be used for identification or verification of identity.
Authentication depends on
What you have What you know What you ARE !

Why Biometrics?
Identity thefts Something you know can be stolen Predicted or hacked Reliability on manual verification Biometric applications available today are categorized into 2 sectors
Psychological: Iris, Fingerprints, Hand, Retinal and Face recognition Behavioral: Voice, Typing pattern, Signature

The metrics of Biometrics

FTE Failure To Enroll FTA Failure To Accept FAR False Acceptance Rates FRR False Reject Rates

BIOMETRIC PROCESS
ENROLLMENT
Capture Process
STORE

NO MATCH

VERIFICATION
Capture Process

COMPARE

MATCH

Fingerprint recognition
Divides print into loops, whorls and arch Calculates minutiae points (ridge endings) Comparisons Authentication

Disadvantages Racial issues Dirt , grime and wounds Placement of finger Too big a database to process Can be spoofed liveness important!

Hand Geometry
Geometry of users hands More reliable than fingerprinting Balance in performance and usability Disadvantage Very large scanners

Retinal Scanning
Scans retina into database User looks straight into retinal reader Scan using low intensity light Very efficient cant be spoofed!

Disadvantages User has to look directly FTE ratio high in this biometric Acceptability concerns
Light exposure Hygiene

Face recognition
User faces camera Neutral expression required Apt lighting and position Algorithms for processing Decision Issues Identification across expression FRR or FAR fluctuate Easily spoofed Tougher usability High Environmental impact

Voice Recognition
Speech input
Frequency Duration Cadence

Neutral tone User friendly

Disadvantages Local acoustics Background noise Device quality Illness , emotional behavior Time consuming enrollment Large processing template

Signature Recognition
Signature measures (dynamic)
Speed Velocity Pressure Captures images (static) High user acceptance

Issues

Signature variable with

Age, illness, emotions Requires high quality hardware High FRR as signatures are very dynamic

Typing Patterns
User typing pattern
Speed Press and Release Rate Unique patterns are generated Comparisons

Issues Not very scalable FRR is high Can be spoofed by simple technology (recorders)

Reference
Wikipedia Biometrics by(Jacob) Biometrics- Authentication by(Miller)

Thank You!!