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Acid Strength
Strong acid
Weak acid
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Weak Acids
Some substances, like acetic acid (vinegar!) dissociate poorly in water. Thus, they release protons, but only a small fraction of their molecules dissociate (ionize). Thus, while 1 M HCl is pH = 0 (why?), 1 M acetic acid is only pH = 2.4
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HA
H+ + A-
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Keq = [H+] [A-] Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka) [HA] of Describes the extent of ionization
+
hydronium ion H3O+ (an acid) hydroxide ion + OH(a
But this hardly happens at all: In fact, at equilibrium, [H+] = [OH-] = 0.0000001 M = 10-7 M = pH 7
Indeed, only two of every 109 (1 billion) molecules in pure water are ionized at any instant - Can you confirm this? 4/17/12
But still, of every 1000 acetic acid molecules in a 1 M solution of acetic acid, only 4 are ionized.
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pH
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SOURCE: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:PH_scale.png#file
[H+] M 100 10-1 102 103 104 105 10-6 107 108 109 10-10 1011 10-12 1013 10-14
pH
A strong acid
pH = -log[H+] Most living cells have a very narrow range of tolerance for pH, i.e. [H+]. The [H+] concentration will be important
A strong base
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To measure pH
Litmus Paper pH Paper
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To measure pH
pH meter
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pH
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Computations: pH
1.
Calculate the pH of the following H+ containing solutions a. [H+] = 1.75 x 10-5M b. [H+] = 6.50 x 10-10 M c. [H+] = 1.0 x 10-4 M
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Computations: [H+]
2. Calculate the [H+] from pH a. pH = 3.82 b. pH = 6.52 c. pH = 11.11
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Computations (pKa)
Ka = 1.8 x 10-5
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Computations
4. Calculate the pH of the following solutions: a. [OH-] = 7.5 x 10-7 M b. [OH-] =2.52 x 10-5 M
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Buffer solution
A solution composed of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid that resists a drastic change in pH
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BIG!
TOO
TOO LITTLE!
Henderson-Hasselbach eqn
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pH = pKa 1 What is the maximum buffering capacity of a solution containing CH3COOH (Ka = 1.8 x 10-5) and CH3COONa?
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Computations
1. Calculate the pH of a buffer containing 0.020 mol of CH3COOH (pKa = 4.76) and 0.050 mol of CH3COONa per 1.5 L of solution. What is the maximum buffering capacity of this buffer? Is the pH of the buffer within its maximum buffering capacity?
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Computations
2. An important buffer stabilizing the blood plasma is the bicarbonatecarbonic acid system. The concentration of H2CO3 in the blood plasma is 0.00125M, calculate [NaHCO3] in the blood plasma if pH = 7.4 and pKa = 6.1.
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Computations
3. The internal pH of a liver cell is 6.4. Physiologically this pH is maintained by means of phosphate buffer system. What is the predominant acid-base pair in the cell and what is the ratio of the conjugate base and acid?
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Computations
4. Describe the preparation of a 1.0L, 0.10M phosphate buffer with a pH of 7.00 using solid NaH2PO4 (MW = 120 g/mol) and Na2HPO4 (MW = 142 g/mol). pKa = 7.21
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Describes the extent of ionization of an acid Equilibrium constant CH3COOH = CH3COO- + H+ Ka = [CH3COO-] [H+] / [CH3COOH] Concentrations at equilibrium
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