COHESIVE DEVICES

By: JOS DAVID HERAZO RIVERA M.Ed.

FORMAL AND CONTEXTUAL LINKS

Formal Links are PHYSICAL (graphs and sounds) Contextual links are OUTSIDE the texts physical realization

FORMAL LINKS

Verb form Parallelism Referring expressions Repetition and lexical chains

Substitution Ellipsis Conjunction

Verb Form
A. Right, whos goin to lift the bottom? Well, someones got to take hold of it. B. I aint goin to. A. Dont. Come on will you?

The form of the verb in one sentence can limit the choice of the verb form in the next

Hands on.
All two hundred and fifty inhabitants of the village of Kalanero were, of course, aware of the impending arrival of the Finchberry-Whites and so the whole village will be in a turmoil of excitement and activity. Certainly, the most excited person in the village is going to be Yani Panioti; of the same age as the children, Yani will have been becoming their particular friend, and from the very start he falls deeply in love with Amanda and has been her devoted slave.*
The Donkey Rustlers

PARALLELISM
The form of one sentence or clause repeats the form of another
Grammatical Sound (rhyme, rhythm)

He vastly enriched the world by his inventions. He enriched the field of knowledge by his teaching. He enriched humanity by his precepts and his personal example.

Hands on.....
Titania now is very sad He doesnt love her She feels so bad She walks to the sea and cries alone. She has no prince She has no home.
Tle little Mermaid

The Three Little Pigs

Once upon a time there were three little pigs and the time came for them to leave home and seek their fortunes. Before they left, their mother told them " Whatever you do , do it the best that you can because that's the way to get along in the world. The first little pig built his house out of straw because it was the easiest thing to do. The second little pig built his house out of sticks. This was a little bit stronger than a straw house. The third little pig built his house out of bricks. One night the big bad wolf, who dearly loved to eat fat little piggies, came along and saw the first little pig in his house of straw. He said "Let me in, Let me in, little pig or I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house in! "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin", said the little pig. But of course the wolf did blow the house in and ate the first little pig. The wolf then came to the house of sticks. "Let me in ,Let me in little pig or I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house in" "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin", said the little pig. But the wolf blew that house in too, and ate the second little pig. The wolf then came to the house of bricks. " Let me in , let me in" cried the Wolf "Or I'll huff and I'll puff till I blow your house in "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin" said the pigs. Well, the wolf huffed and puffed but he could not blow down that brick house.

She digs in the garden With a shovel and a spoon, She weeds her lazy lettuce By the light of the mon She walks up the walk Like a woman in a dream She forgets she borrowed butter And pays you back cream!
Extract from: Portrait by a Neighbnor

The Three Little Pigs

Once upon a time there were three little pigs and the time came for them to leave home and seek their fortunes. Before they left, their mother told them " Whatever you do , do it the best that you can because that's the way to get along in the world. The first little pig built his house out of straw because it was the easiest thing to do. The second little pig built his house out of sticks. This was a little bit stronger than a straw house. The third little pig built his house out of bricks. One night the big bad wolf, who dearly loved to eat fat little piggies, came along and saw the first little pig in his house of straw. He said "Let me in, Let me in, little pig or I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house in! "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin", said the little pig. But of course the wolf did blow the house in and ate the first little pig. The wolf then came to the house of sticks. "Let me in ,Let me in little pig or I'll huff and I'll puff and I'll blow your house in" "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin", said the little pig. But the wolf blew that house in too, and ate the second little pig. The wolf then came to the house of bricks. " Let me in , let me in" cried the Wolf "Or I'll huff and I'll puff till I blow your house in "Not by the hair of my chinny chin chin" said the pigs. Well, the wolf huffed and puffed but he could not blow down that brick

Referring Expressions
Anaphoric

Words that refer to other words or meanings within the text or outside it. ENDOPHORIC (pointing inwards): anaphora, cataphora EXOPHORIC (pointing outwards)

Cholera first struck England in 1832. It came from the East. I dont like Mark. He is so stupid. He merely laughed and said that she was imagining things. This typical male reaction resulted in a row. He later made the usual switch to the army. There he had a brilliant career.

Bungling ram raiders tried to smash their way into a furniture shop using a stolen Mini. But the tiny motor just bounced off the stores plate-glass window.
There are many other stories about her individuality

Cataphoric
The song goes something like this. ....

Exophoric
Electrocosta: movemos tu mundo

Nobody seemed to know where they came from, but there they were in the forest: Kanga and Baby Roo.
The island lies somewhere in the Ionian sea. It is the island of Melissa, so tiny and so off the beaten track that very few people know about it.

All people of the world are united agaist global warming.

Which do you mean? [looking at two pictures] That one [pointing]

Hands on......
Finally on 7 May 1945, Germany surrendered to the Allied Forces and the war in Europe was over. By June of 1945, Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union had occupied the whole country. Immediately, they devised a system for controlling Germany: They divided Germany into four sectors-three in the west and one in the east. They also divided the capital city into four sectors with Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union each administering one sector of the city. All four countries agreed to help rebuild German cities, farms, industries, and transportation systems. They also promised to promote the establishment of a democratic form of government in Germany.

All two hundred and fifty inhabitants of the village of Kalanero were, of course, aware of the impending arrival of the Finchberry-Whites and so the whole village was in a turmoil of excitement and activity. Certainly, the most excited person in the village was Yani Panioti; of the same age as the children, Yani had become their particular friend, and from the very start he had fallen deeply in love with Amanda and was her devoted slave.

FINAL REPORT
The ancient Egyptians were masters of preserving dead bodies by mummifying them. Basically, mummification consisted of removing the internal organs, applying natural preservatives inside and outside, and then wrapping the body in layers of bandages. This process was remarkably effective. Indeed, mummies several thousands of years old have been discovered nearly intact. Their skin, hair, teeth, nails, and facial features are still evident. Their diseases in life, such as smallpox, arthritis, and nutritional deficiencies, are still diagnosable. Even their fatal afflictions are still apparent: a middle-aged Egyptian king died from a blow to the head; a child-king died from polio.

A NEW AGE OF EXPLORATION